ANIMAL CLASSIFICATION-

Various level of classification-

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species
• Basically the kingdom Animalia is divided into eleven
phyla:
1. Porifera
2. Coelenterata (cnidaria)
3. Ctenophora
4. Platyheminthes
5. Ascheminthes
6. Annelida
7. Arthropoda
8. Mollusca
9. Echinodrmata
10.Hemichordata
11. Chordata
Assignment Questions-
Define the terminology-
 Habitats
 Habits
 Level of Organization
 Body plan
 Segmentation
 Symmetry
 Coelom
Phylum- Porifera
• Pore bears animals.
• They commonly known as Sponges.
• The study of sponges are known as Para-
zoology.
• Body is perforated with many pores called
Ostia.
• All sponges are aquatic mostly marine and
some are fresh water e.g Spongilla
• A large aperture called osculum – exit of
water.
Habit –
• Generally marine (sea water) & mostly
asymmetrical animals.
• Adult Sponges are sessile or sedentary but their
Larvae are motile.
• Sponges are made up of colonial
choanoflagellates.
• Connecting link between protozoa and Porifera
is proterospongia.
• Primitive multi- cellular animals and have
Cellular level of Organization.
BODY STRUCTURE-
Body cavity is called spongocoel or
paragastrice cavity or Atrium.
• Pinaocoderm- pinocytes
• Choanoderms- choanocytes
• Mesenchyme layer – middle layer

GAS EXCHANGES-
Respiration
Execratory
FOODS AND FEADING-
• Microphages animals (microscopic food
particles)
• Digestion is intracellular.
• Partially food particles passed on to tropocytes.
SKELRTAL SYSTEM-
Made up of spicules or spongin fibers.
Spicules- small needle like structure.
• Calcareous
• Siliceous
NERVES SYSTEM-
• No neurons but these are sensitive to external
environmental.
• Pinacoctyes are contractile cells.
CANAL SYSTEM-
• Water transportation or also know as
Aquiferous system.
• Life life of sponges.
• Water enters through minutes pores.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM-
Sex are not separated.
Hermaphrodite animals- (eggs and sperms) are
produce by the same individuals.
Asexual and sexual.
FERTILISATION AND DEVELOPMENTS-
Fertilization is internal.
Scypha sponges is protogynous – ova matures
eariler than spermatozoa
Falgella captures sperms & passes it to ova
developing in mesenchyme.
• Development is indirect having a Larval
stages.
• Larva are ciliated and free swimming.
• Larva stages are-
1. Amphiblastula
2. Parenschymula
3. Rhagon
Eg. Songilla , Euspongia, sycon, Cliona.
The term Porifera was coined by Robert Grant in
1825.