The Properties

of Matter
 PHYSICAL
AND
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
OF MATTER
 Physical Property
A characteristic of a substance that can be
observed or measured without changing the
identity of the substance.
Physical properties of matter include color,
hardness, malleability, solubility, electrical
conductivity, density, melting point, and
boiling point.
 Physical Property
Physical properties can be extensive
or intensive.
Extensive Properties vary with the
amount of the substance while
Intensive Properties do not.
 Activity
Classify the following properties into intensive (IP)
or extensive properties (EP).
1)Taste IP 7) Volume EP
2)Hardness IP 8) Melting point IP
3)Shape EP 9) Mass EP
4)Density IP 10)Luster IP
5)Boiling Point IP 11) Color IP
6)Length EP
 Chemical Property
A chemical property describes the
ability of a substance to undergo a
specific chemical change.
To identify a chemical property, we
look for a chemical change. A chemical
change always produces one or more
types of matter that differ from the
matter present before the change.
 Chemical Property
For example, hydrogen has the
potential to ignite and explode
given the right conditions.
 Metals in general have the
chemical property of reacting
with an acid.
Zinc reacts with hydrochloric
acid to produce hydrogen gas.
 Activity
Identify the following situations if it exhibits a physical
property or a chemical property of matter.
Gallium metal melts at 30 oC. PHYSICAL PROPERTY
A green banana turns yellow when it ripens. CHEMICAL PROPERTY
Gold is shiny. PHYSICAL PROPERTY
Iron metal rusts.
CHEMICAL PROPERTY
A dry piece of paper burns.
CHEMICAL PROPERTY
Mercury is a very dense liquid.
PHYSICAL PROPERTY
DENSITY
WATER 1.00 g/mL
ALCOHOL 0.79 g/mL

Knowing the densities will tell

you about the identity of the
unknown substance
 Heating Properties
Substances react to heating differently.
Example:
Aluminum and iron conduct heat well
so they are used for making pots and
pans.
Materials that are used in household
insulation cannot conduct heat.
 Solubility
Ability of a substance to be dissolved in a
given solvent.
Different substances have different
solubilities
Example: salt and sugar
 Electric Properties
Some substances are better
conductors of electricity
than the others.
Copper wire is a good
conductor while rubber and
plastics are not.
 ASSESSMENT
Which of the following is a chemical
property of iron?
a) Iron corrodes in moist air.
b) Density = 7.874 g/cm 3

c) Iron is soft when pure.

d) Iron melts at 1808 K.
 ASSESSMENT
Which of the following is a physical
property of matter?
a)corrosiveness
b)pH (acidity)
c)density
d)flammability
 ASSESSMENT
Which of the following is a chemical
property?
a) flammability
b) melting point
c) boiling point
d) density
 Pure
Substances
and Mixtures
 Pure Substances
A pure substance consists only
of one element or
one compound.
Elements and compounds
Pure chemical substances found in
nature.
The difference between an element and
a compound is that an element is a
substance made of same type of atoms,
whereas a compound is made of
different elements in definite proportions.
 Mixture
A mixture consists of two or
more different substances, not
chemically joined together
 Mixture
The components of a mixture can
be separated without chemical
reactions
Mixtures and compounds
Example:
Hydrogen and oxygen are both gases.
Together, as a mixture, hydrogen and oxygen
can react and form water.
Water is a compound of hydrogen and
oxygen. 
Distinguishing between pure substances
and mixtures
Pure substances have a sharp melting
point but mixtures melt over a range of
temperatures.