Unsold Inventory in High Rise Building: 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN
HIGH RISE BUILDING

211592101006, CPM YEAR II
KAMINI KOWSALYA S
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
The unsold inventory in high rise building has become an major
issue in the present scenario. The real estate companies are
facing lot of crisis in the market. Therefore this study addresses
what are the reasons for not getting the building sold and
pathway for future rectifications thereby paving way for growth
of both real estate and economic basis.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
What is an unsold inventory?
An unsold inventory is the consequence of an organization

which intends to sell the land or building but for what so ever
reasons, they are not sold. The value of unsold inventory in high
rise building accounts for about 5% of India’s GDP. Unsold
inventories are not an abandoned stock but its most often good
product without market. The developers must address
according to demand and supply which is actually in need.
Demand and supply study plays a major role. The older the
inventory gets, the longer it takes to liquidate.
UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

AIM
AIM: INTRODUCTON
To identify and evaluate the reasons behind unsold properties.
OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES
• To identify the problems and major cause related to the study
• To study about the Strategy
• To study about the steps taken by Government of India policies
METHODOLOGY
METHODOLOGY:
SCOPE
SCOPE:
Scope of the study is to identify the reason for the buildings getting unsold, and to analyse the root cause for proper
rectification in future.

BACKGROUND STUDY
BACKGROUND STUDY LITERATURE STUDY
NEED FOR HIGH RISE ?
First, the exploding population, largely urban, creates an increasing demand for tall
buildings. The ever increasing population and growing economies in major cities of the
world mean increasing urbanization globally and the continuing rise in population
density in urban areas. Land areas are constantly being eaten away by urban spreading
through suburban developments. The tall building can accommodate many more people
on a smaller land than would be the case with low-rise building on the same land.
Therefore vertical transformation plays a major role.
Even if there is a housing scarcity, there are still many unsold homes on the market.
Unsold inventory, however, is only a symptom and not the root of the nation's housing
market's ills.

LITERATURE STUDY

POPULATION AND MIGRATION TRENDS GLOBAL SCENARIO : LITERATURE STUDY
The exponential rise in urban population

coupled with wealth accumulation is one
of the most important challenges that has
sparked and will probably continue to fuel
the growth of tall buildings. In
comparison to 20 years ago, about 50% of
the world is now urban. The percentage
of urban dwellers worldwide is predicted
to reach 60% by 2030. With an estimated
9 billion people on the planet in 2050,
more than 80% of people will reside in
metropolitan regions. At that time, the
population of every major city in the
world, especially those in Asia, Africa, and
Latin America, will be massive, perhaps
ranging from 30 to 50 million people or
more. It will be extremely challenging to
house such a big population in cities.
SOURCE: IOM UN MIGRATION

INDIAN SCENARIO
LITERATURE STUDY
What is the Significance of Population Growth?
• A larger population is perceived to

mean greater human capital, higher
economic growth and improved standards
of living.
• Better economic growth is brought about
by increased economic activities due to
higher working age population and lower
dependent population.
• In the last seven decades, the share of the
working age population has grown from
50% to 65%, resulting in a remarkable
decline in the dependency ratio (number of
children and elderly persons per working
age population).
• As per the WPP 2022, India will have one of
the largest workforces globally.
Indiasdemographydristi.com

Reasons for unsold buildings can be due to two underlying
LITERATURE STUDY
causes :
• Controlled
• Uncontrolled
CONTROLLED FACTORS ARE :
• Premium price, mediocre facilities

• Poor construction quality
• Excess inventory
• Area development
• Building codes
• Vaastu
UNCONTROLLED FACTORS :
• Due to natural calamities
• Unfit buildings
Source: PropEquity database as of February 2020 for top 7 cities of India, KPMG in India analysis.

LITERATURE STUDY
In India, buildings that are constructed higher than 75 feet or 7-
10 storeys are termed as high-rises and are a feasible product of
our contemporary times. In the past decade, many metropolitan
cities in India have emerged as a hub for the advent of new
high-rise buildings with Mumbai indisputably leading the chain.
Mumbai has the highest concentration of high rises in India.
The need for tall buildings and the ease of lockdowns adds to
the residential demand in India also seeing an upsurge in both
sales and launches from January-March 2021 reports Knight
Frank, adding that it is 44% more than the same quarter last
year with cities of Mumbai and Pune leading in both launches.
JLL reports suggest that residential sales in Q1 2021 was
recovered to more than of the volumes witnessed in Q1 2020
(pre-COVID) across the top seven cities and that the real estate
markets of Chennai, Hyderabad, Kolkata, and Pune surpassed
the sales volumes of Q1 2020 while ANAROCK reported that
Mumbai Metropolitan Region accounted for 30% of the
overall sales across the top 7 cities in Q2 2021

LITERATURE STUDY
INDIAN MARKET SUMMARY

LITERATURE STUDY

LITERATURE STUDY
SOURCE: businesstoday.in

STUDY ON REAL ESTATE : LITERATURE STUDY
Real estate basically can be broadly divided into :
One of the most well-known service sectors in India is the

real estate sector. It is recognised as having rapid growth
and ranks fourth in terms of foreign direct investment
(FDI) inflows. From April 2000 to September 2017, the
FDI sector has a value of US$24.66 billion.In 2020, the
manufacturing sector accounted for 24% of office space
leasing at 5.7 million square feet. SMEs and electronic
component manufacturers leased the most between
Pune, Chennai and Delhi NCR, followed by auto sector
leasing in Chennai, Ahmedabad and Pune.

India has witnessed rapid urbanisation in the last
LITERATURE STUDY
decade, as a result of which, it is projected that about
600 million people will be living in urban areas by
2031. By 2028, India’s real estate market size is
expected to increase by 7 times. The Indian real
estate market is expected to touch US$ 180 billion by
2020. The housing sector alone contributes 5-6 per
cent to the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
In India, real estate is the second largest employer
after agriculture and is slated to grow at 30 per cent
over the next decade. Also, India’s rank in the Global
House Price Index has jumped 13* spots to reach the
ninth position among 55 international markets, on
the back of increasing prices in mainstream
residential sector. Also, the real estate is a $150 Bn
industry, which has a significant effect on the nation’s
GDP. Marketing and sales have a significant effect on
the real estate industry and the strategies adopted by
the developers play a vital role in deciding the
country’s economic health.

The unsold inventory in various metro cities range LITERATURE STUDY
anywhere between 15-60%. The current realities don’t go
hand in hand with the stipulated growth of the industry,
hence marketing the product would play a very significant
role in the near future. Also, marketing has been a niche
and unexplored field when it comes to real estate. This
calls for a need to dwell deeper into the marketing aspects
of the industry.

POLICIY INITIATIVES THAT HAVE IMPACTED LITERATURE STUDY
REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY BY GOI :
• Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016

• Benami Transactions Act
• 100% deduction in profits for affordable housing construction
• Interest subsidy for first-time home buyers
• Change in arbitration norms for construction companies
• Approval of Real Estate Investment Trust(REIT)platform by SEBI.
• PPP(Public-Private Partnership) Scheme
• Credit Link Subsidy Scheme (CLSS) on home loans under PMAY
• Approval of 100% FDI via automatic route.
• Introduction of GST

According to Real Insight Residential – January-March LITERATURE STUDY
2022, 70,623 units were sold in Q1 2022 as compared to
66,176 units sold in Q1 2021, showing 7% annual growth.
On the supply side, a total of 79,532 units were launched in
Q1 2022 as compared to 53,037 units in 2021, showcasing
YoY growth of 50%.
House prices get a boost, too

After a long period of muted growth, rates of apartments
in India’s mega cities have also started to show more
intense growth. The report shows that all the eight
markets covered in the analysis underwent an upwards
movement in average rates of new properties.
SOURCE: housing.in

CHENNAI MARKET SUMMARY LITERATURE STUDY
SORCE:KNIGHTFRANK

LITERATURE STUDY
MICRO MARKET LOCATIONS
Central Chennai T nagar, Alandur,
Nungambakkam,
kodambakkam,
kilpauk
West Chennai Porur, ambattur,

mogappair,
iyyappanthangal,
sriperambathur
South Chennai Perumbakkam,

chrompet,
shollinganallur,
guduvancheri,
kelambakkam
North chennai Tondaripet, kolathur,

madhavaram,
perambur
SORCE:KNIGHTFRANK

LITERATURE STUDY
• The Chennai residential market has been on a steady

path to recovery with sales momentum gradually
increasing since H22020 to culminate in 6206 units
sold in H2 2021, a 9% growth in YoY terms. The
number of homebuyer enquiries and conversions have
been rising steadily through 2021 as well, reflecting
the improvement in sentiment
• This improvement in sentiment has caused developers
to increase supply. As developers gauged the changing
mood of the market,7,360 units were launched in H2
2021 which translated into a 98% YoY growth in supply
levels. Appaswami Real Estates, Mahindra, Lifespaces,
Lancor Holdings and Sobha Homes were among the
prominent developers active in the market during H2
2021.

LITERATURE STUDY
• There has been a gradual decrease in the share of sales of ticket sizes < INR 5
minimum since 2018. The share of sales in this category has shrunk from 54% in
H1 2018 to 33% in H2 2021. The shift in demand to ticket sizes over INR 5 mn has
been significant over the past few years and more pronounced since COVID-19
impacted homebuyer preferences. This trend has been observed across locations
due to the need for upgrading the family’s primary residence and to
accommodate work and study from home requirements.
• While the growth in sales has been encouraging in H2 2021, this has also been
accompanied by price growth of 7% YoY. Some of this increase may be attributed
to a base effect because of the significant price drop during H2 2020. Regardless,
this recovery in price is an encouraging sign and can be viewed as an indicator of
the market on its way to recovery
• Residential demand is largely focused on the ready-to-move-in properties and
has caused the average age of inventory in Chennai to reduce to 14.3 quarters in
H2 2021 from 15.5 quarters in the year ago period. The unsold inventory and
QTS have increased marginally in YoY terms during H2 2021 but given the fast
improving sentiments and recent price recovery, market volumes are expected
to pick up in the near to medium term.
SORCE:KNIGHTFRANK

LITERATURE STUDY
SORCE:KNIGHTFRANK

GLOBAL STRATERGIES AT PRESENT SCENARIO LITERATURE STUDY
The global economic environment remains highly uncertain. Despite the considerable uncertainty about future demand,
On top of the unknown path many parts of the world are faced institutional investment in European residential real estate
with record levels of inflation, rising interest rates and ongoing grew substantially during the Covid pandemic, as hotel, office,
COVID challenges, most notably in China where the recent and retail became too risky for many institutional investors. In
lockdowns affect supply chain costs and create delays. As a 2020, and the first three quarters of 2021, residential
result, economic growth expectations have been lowered, most investments accounted for 23% of total investment volume,
notably in Europe and China. Capital markets volatility across all compared to an average of 16% in the five years prior.
asset classes has been extreme and is expected to continue.
Given a moderated growth outlook and higher interest rates,
real estate returns could potentially be lower over the next few
years but still outperform other asset classes. Investor capital
flows should remain steady, attracted to the durable, inflation-
hedging income characteristics, which in turn should continue
to support strong pricing for a narrower definition of core real
estate. Class A residential and industrial markets will likely
continue to outperform, while the office and retail sectors’
performance will likely remain challenged and highly
bifurcated.

LITERATURE STUDY

Residential Surge in Fundamentals should Moderate as
LITERATURE STUDY
Demand/Supply Rebalance
The residential rental sector has historically offered the greatest

inflation protection, with a short-term lease structure that enables
regular rent resets and growth tied to wages which typically tracks
inflation. Additionally, rising mortgage rates should support continued
strong residential rental demand, specifically in segments that target
renters by choice. With higher energy and food prices threatening
affordability, MSREI believes it will be critical to target markets that
continue to benefit from demographic shifts and have the strongest
income growth potential to keep affordability ratios at reasonable
levels. Similar to the industrial sector, where shifting preferences to
on-line shopping as a result of COVID have fueled demand, residential
preferences in the U.S. have shifted with suburban, sunbelt and larger
accommodations seeing stronger occupancy levels. However, over the
past 12 months, there has been some reversion back towards urban or
higher-density suburban areas, as well as gateway markets, following
the return-to-office shift. Supply is also a risk in the residential sector,
more so in exurban locations, but again, due to rapidly rising
construction costs and supply chain delays, existing projects may be
insulated against this risk for longer.

GLOBAL AND LOCAL REAL ESTATE STRATEGY : LITERATURE STUDY
Despite its vast size, the European real estate market remains highly fragmented and localised. Major trends, such as the
increasing importance of sustainability, remote working, online shopping, and the shortage of housing in major cities are global,
and their impact has been accelerated through the Covid pandemic. Yet the specific impact of these trends on cities,
neighbourhoods, and buildings is local and shaped by each country’s history, culture, regulatory environment, and existing
infrastructure. That means a successful real estate investment strategy needs to be at once global informed by a broad
understanding of how the world is changing and local, with each investment grounded in deep knowledge of local
circumstances. At Arrow, our local-local approach helps us to apply this local expertise to these global trends in order to identify
the best granular opportunities for our investors. We’ll now look into what some of these macro trends are and how they should
shape investment thinking.
A Vast, Yet Fragmented Market
Property is the world’s biggest store of wealth with and estimated total value of $326.5 trillion in 2020. It is larger than the
global equity and debt market combined, and almost four times the value of the world GDP. Most real estate is still privately
owned. The size of the professionally managed real estate market reached $10.5 trillion in 2020 only 3% of the total market.
Whilst the US and the EMEA market are roughly the same size the European market is more fragmented: it is spread across
more than 40 countries each with its own market dynamics.

Abundance of Capital, Lack of Certainty LITERATURE STUDY
There has been a multi-decade trend towards private capital, which we expect to continue as investors expand more and more
into alternatives, driven by growing retirement savings, low interest rates and a rise in public market valuations. Between 2010
and 2020, alternative investments across strategies grew from $4.1 trillion to $10.7 trillion, with private real estate funds growing
from $443 billion in 2010 to $1.0 trillion in 2020. The demand picture has become more complicated: technology, sustainability,
and demographic change are impacting real estate markets at an ever-increasing rate. The uneven speed of the economic
recovery across Europe and recent uncertainty around the inflation and interest rate outlook further add to the complexity.
The challenge then is no longer raising capital, but rather finding innovative ways to source assets and navigate the complex
web of global trends and local circumstances.
Residential: The Way We Live
An estimated 700,000 people left London during the Covid pandemic, and it is not clear how many have so far returned. Other
European cities have experienced a similar trend, with residents prioritising green space and larger homes over proximity to
their workplace. Indeed, it is standard to see hierarchical planning systems with key decisions made at the local level within a
nationally determined policy framework. For example, local planning in England is made by larger local planning authorities
and is not legally binding, which allows for more negotiations ahead of planning permission whilst in other countries planning
systems tends to be more regulated through land policies and processes. Despite the considerable uncertainty about future
demand, institutional investment in European residential real estate grew substantially during the Covid pandemic, as hotel,
office, and retail became too risky for many institutional investors. In 2020, and the first three quarters of 2021, residential
investments accounted for 23% of total investment volume, compared to an average of 16% in the five years prior.

LITERATURE STUDY
Economic factors . Differences in land regulations and taxation are attracting real estate managers from developed countries to
invest in the markets of the future. Couple with attractive exchange rates between developed and developing countries, real
estate managers are attracted to the "bargain" real estate opportunities. It is being estimated that 85 per cent of the world's
population will live in these emerging economies and therefore commercial activities should increase dramatically in these
countries.
Political factors . The liberalization of production factor inputs, particularly in regional trading blocks through the
deregulation of capital, personnel and raw material flows, has promoted regional integration. Heightened attention to
property protection in emerging markets has also given companies greater confidence in expanding their business.
Capability factors. In response to an increasingly competitive environment, many management researchers have argued for a
resource-based view (RBV) approach to maintain competitive advantage by focusing on the inside elements of the company.
The RBV contends that organizations compete through control of unique and inimitable resources. Inimitable resources
centre principally on the cumulative bodies of organization-specific knowledge and skill that are the result of organizational
learning processes. Under this framework, an organization's long-term survival rests on the organization's ability to develop
capabilities and innovation.

Variables of Strategic Decision Making in Real Estate Development LITERATURE STUDY
Economic Factors: Opportunity Identification Constructing economic factors search opportunity of space market. In this market
the demand comes from the households (tenants) that use (consume) residential space. The demand for residential space
depends on:
Technology
Economies site value
accesbility
GDP Constructability
interest rates,
currency exchange Politics
IHSG government intervention
Aggregate employment
The cost of developing
Demographics
land cost,
Aggregate household consumption
construction cost
demographic development,
cost of equity capital
purchasing power
prices and changes in rents
availability of financing

Capability variables :
LITERATURE STUDY
• Physical flexibility
Development of green corporate brand
Conduct green strategy to gain social responsibility
Create activity and live style
Design in some architecture style/themes
Adapatation climate change with green infrastructure
• Financial flexibility
good at expanding finance channels and cash liquidity
Good at making investment analysis and orientation
Access to a diverse range of capital
• Functional flexibility
Business marketing ideas, strategies and marketing
Knowledge of change in market environment and trend
• Leadership capability
Recognizes and anticipates problems
Guides strategy development.
Commitment of slack capabilities to strategy goals

STRATEGIES : LITERATURE STUDY
• Fix-and-Flip
The Fix-and-Flip strategy is the business of finding properties that need work, doing the repairs, and reselling them at top
price for a profit.
• Wholesaling
Wholesaling is the business of finding good deals on investment properties and then reselling them quickly for a small mark
up. The crux of this business is being good at marketing and negotiating to find those good deals.
• House Hacking
House Hacking means living in a home that also produces income, like in a duplex, triplex, fourplex, or house with extra
rentable space like a basement, guest house, or spare bedrooms. By renting out part of your residence, you can reduce your
total housing costs.
• Live-In-Then-Rent
Live-In-Then-Rent is simply living in a house that will eventually become a rental. This means the house must work as your
home AND as an investment later on. But unlike house hacking, you don’t rent the property while you live there.
• Live-In-Flip
The Live-In Flip is a strategy where you buy and move into a home, fix it up, and wait two years or more to resell it for a
profit.
• BRRRR
BRRRR stands for Buy-Remodel-Rent-Refinance-Repeat. When done carefully, it’s an excellent way to build a rental portfolio
without running out of cash

LITERATURE STUDY
• Short-Term Buy and Hold Rentals
This strategy involves buying and holding rental properties for relatively short periods of time – perhaps 1 to 5 years. Often the
purpose of this strategy is to force property appreciation by remodeling, raising the rent, decreasing expenses, or all of those.
The short-term buy and hold strategy works very well for multi-unit apartment turn-around projects. It also works well for
rentals in high priced, appreciating markets that don’t cash flow as well.
• Long-Term Buy and Hold Rentals

This is the strategy of owning real estate with the intention of keeping it for the long haul. The benefits of this slow and steady
(and very successful) strategy include rental income, tax shelter from depreciation expenses, amortization of loans, and price
appreciation.

JOURNAL REVIEW
1. Topic : The Effect of Green Characteristics in Reducing the Inventory of Unsold Housing in
New Residential Developments - Case In South Korea
ABSTRACT : This study analyzes the effect of green characteristics on sales of unsold housing
stock, using a multilevel growth model, in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. The green
characteristics we estimated are external factors such as the proximity to urban parks and
mountain trails located outside the housing complex and internal factors such as whether the
area of communal open space within the complex exceeds a certain percentage. The results
suggest that potential homebuyers are interested in green space inside rather than outside a
housing complex in a suburban setting. Housing complexes with large enough communal open
spaces had a 0.094 higher unsold unit ratio than complexes with small communal open spaces,
but the surplus decreased more rapidly; the ratio declines by 0.028 per time unit. On the other
hand, the results show no statistically significant effects of the distance to external green areas.
This might be due to that public urban parks might not be an attraction to residents when forests
and/or agricultural fields are in close proximity. The findings of this research will be utilized by
construction companies and public institutions holding unsold units in improving their sales
performance, not only in South Korea but also in other Asian regions showing a similar housing
development pattern.

JOURNAL REVIEW
METHODOLOGY :
INFERENCE :
In this study, we investigated the effect of green factors on the reduction of unsold
housing stock in the case of housing development projects in Gyeonggi Province, South
Korea. Unlike other studies that focus on green characteristics affecting real estate values. we assessed the impact of green
factors on the purchase of housing units that had not been presold before the completion of construction, using a multilevel
growth model. In general, this study demonstrated that the green factors inside the housing complex exerted positive effects on
the sales of the surplus housing units. On the other hand, accessibility to the green amenities surrounding the housing complex,
such as urban parks and mountain trails, did not do so.
SOURCE : Wu, F. China’s recent urban development in the process of land and housing marketisation and economic globalisation. Habitat
Int. 2001, 25, 273–289. [CrossRef]
2. Ibrahim, M.F.; Ying, W. Public housing choices in Singapore: Planning implications. In Proceedings of the 39th International
Planning Congress, International Society of City and Regional Planners, Cairo, Egypt, 17–22 October 2003.
3. Tan, T.-H. Sustainability and Housing Provision in Malaysia. J. Strateg. Innov. Sustain. 2011, 7, 62–71.

2. TOPIC : A Study of the Causes of Unsold Housing flats in Residential building JOURNAL REVIEW
Projects and its Impact on Affordable Housing in Indian Real Estate Market
ABSTRACT : In any residential building projects there are two types of Unsold Housing
units available Completed (ready to move in)flats and under construction flats (not
completed). Unsold Housing flats in residential building projects today is a very
important cause that is affecting the growth and progress of India’s real estate
market. The study is to explore the causes of the unsold Housing flats in residential
building projects and suggest strategies to reduce the stock of Unsold Housing units.
The study is to also to understand the impact of Unsold Housing units on affordability
housing in Indian Real Estate market.
METHODOLOGY :

JOURNAL REVIEW
INFERENCE :
The research study on the unsold housing stock will help to understand the causes of the rise of Unsold Inventory and its impact
on affordable Housing. The asset value of the properties locked for wants of sale is a drag, hampering the growth on the
economy. It will help in the creation of employment, MSME sector,
bringing the much needed confidence towards investment back into real estate. It will bring help in achieving the
Government of India (GOI) mission of “Housing for all” by year 2023. It will help in stabilising the real
estate and strengthen the overall economy.
3. TOPIC: Production and production over supply in construction - Estimatinig unsold stock in Italy
ABSTRACT : The main aim is to identify the limitations and critical issues in the real estate sector in Italy and propose the
principles of method that would provide information and comparison of the phenomenon of over supply and non rational land
use. This study is based on the series of assumptions, the first is of which definition of the unsold meaning the amount of new
housing units neither occupied nor sold nor rented. In effect unsold stock can be considered as over supply of construction.
METHODOLOGY:
SOURCE: https://www.aimsjournal.org/Izmir Institute of Technology, Department

of City & Regional Planning,pp-1-23

INFERENCE : JOURNAL REVIEW
By adapting the methodology of Business Process Re engineering to anayse the
stakeholders involved since the real estate market uses lack of transparency in
process. Each international experiences follows up individual solutions.
4. TOPIC : Real estate sector in India and impact of RERA
ABSTRACT : The Real Estate Sector is one of the top contributors to India’s GDP and employment creation. In spite of being
such an important part of the economy, the real estate sector had been remained by and large unregulated till 2016 .The major
real estate’s driving factor is government laws and acts. Many of the changes were implemented by different advertisers and
developers, and the legal framework provides the best knowledge to monitor all of those changes and analyze whether they
violate or comply with the protocol. To provide an unbiased solution to all the stakeholders of the real estate sector, Indian
Parliament enacted a Real Estate (regulation and development) act 2016. This RERA 2016 provides separate provisions to
ensure the transparency and accountability of all the stakeholders and buyers involved in realty sector. Moreover, not every
state in India is required to follow the guidelines laid down by the Central Government and they can make changes as per
their local government norms. This study attempts to understand the role of real estate in India, the impact of RERA and
the status of Indian states under this Act
METHODOLOGY :
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

JOURNAL REVIEW
INFERENCE :
RERA really made changes among the promoters also it is very beneficial and cost saving for buyers because after the act was
implemented the buyers are paying only to the carpet area of their property if it’s built form. Advance payment is
another great relief for buyers. RERA has a rule that advertisers should not collect more than 10% of the total cost of the
building. It is easy for the buyer to make the necessary arrangements in a short period of time. If problem arises, buyers may
approach appellate tribunaudied The act provides more rules and regulation to professionals it standardised the field. The
RERA act has same penalties to buyers also if they failed to pay as per the schedule of payment mentioned in sales agreement.
5. TOPIC : Highrise building Design, Anlysis and Safety overview
ABSTRACT : High-rise buildings have been rapidly increasing worldwide due to insufficient land availability in populated
areas and their primary role as essential buildings in modern cities and capitals. However, high-rise buildings are very complicated
due to the huge number of structural components and elements unlike low-rise buildings, as well as these high-rise
buildings demand high structural stability for safety and design requirements. This paper aims to provide brief
information about high-rise buildings regarding the basic definition, safety features, structural stability, and design challenges
adopting an effective structural system for resisting lateral loads resulting from wind and seismic activities. Consequently,
a general overview is presented that covers the behavior of various structural systems for different heights of high-rise
buildings by implementing a number of nonlinear static procedure analyses (pushover) and nonlinear dynamic procedure
analyses (for wind and earthquake loading). Finally, a critical review of the available simplified model and seismic energy base
design are also presented and is intended to help in the development and application of construction systems for high-rise
buildings in the future.
SOURCE:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354269940_Real_Estate_Sector_in_India_And_Impact_of_RERA,International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

JOURNAL REVIEW
METHODOLOGY :
INFERENCE:
As high-rise buildings are increasingly developed using lighter members, serviceability issues such as floor vibration, lateral
sway, and occupant comfort must be paid greater attention by researchers. Innovative structural systems must be developed
for the next generation of sustainable megastructures and ultra-high tall buildings.
6. TOPIC : Strategies for High End High Rise Residential Property Using Marketing Mix during a Soft Market in Kuala Lumpur
ABSTRACT : The aim of this study is to identify developer’s strategies within the marketing mix for high end high rise
residential property in soft property market. This study is designed to investigate feedback of house buyers in Kuala Lumpur
towards developer’s strategies implemented in soft property market. Questionnaire survey was adopted in this study. The
questionnaire is designed in accordance to buyers’ perspective on developer’s strategies based on the “Marketing Mix” which
consists of price, product, place and promotion. The respondents’ feedback is important for the analysis of developer’s
strategies. The findings show that when soft market happens, the features of the product are the most
important factor in house purchase. Therefore, the elements under product should be focused to
complement other segments of marketing mix especially price strategy
SOURCE :https://www.avantipublishers.com/index.php/ijaet/article/view/954/578nternationalJournal of Architectural Engineering Technology

JOURNAL REVIEW
INFERENCE :
Price will always be the most important concern in property purchase. However, when soft market happens, the features of
the product have become the most important factor in house purchase. Therefore, the elements under product should be the
center focus to complement other segments of marketing mix 4Ps especially price strategies. However, price strategies will
only be effective if the incentives and schemes are beneficial to house buyers. Apart from that, promotion is perceived to be
supplementary to price marketing strategy. If the promotion benefits the buyers especially in monetary value, it will become
an attraction to the buyers. Developers may consider reducing social media promotion and channel the budget in monetary
form. Lastly, the developers can reduce cost in place strategy by being customer centric for the targeted market. This study
justified the need and demand of house buyers by using marketing mix 4Ps. Hence, the developers should improvise their
strategies within the marketing mix to improve residential sales performance in the soft market.
International Journal of Property Science Vol 8 Issue\

7.Topic : Study of Indian Real Estate Market from Developer’s Perspective JOURNAL REVIEW
ABSTRACT : Real estate sector is the second largest employer after agricultural sector in India. Hence the importance of this
sector is immense for countries economic growth as well as growth of different stakeholder involved in this sector. Amongst
different stakeholder present in real estate sector the investor share the maximum risk in this sector. Eventually, the investor also
get the maximum financial gain. These investor could be a developer who develop real estate projects or could be any person
who invest money. The purpose of carrying out this study is to find out the strategy adopted to get maximum financial benefit
out of different real estate projects in India from developer’s point of view. Financial part plays important role of investment in
Indian real estate.
INFERENCE :
Important financial terms are plays important role for financial return calculations. Such
terms are: Saleable area of project, Saleable price per unit area, Land cost, Approval Cost, Construction cost, Duration of
construction, Construction percentage of each year, Construction and other cost of each year, Sale percentage of each year, Sale
amount of each year, Cash Flow analysis,

8. Topic : Changes in real estate sector in India JOURNAL REVIEW
ABSTRACT : The objective of financial sector reforms is to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the financial system.To
mobilize saving effectively and channelize such saving efficiently to most deserving sector, suitable strategies had to be developed.
The objective of real estate sector reforms was to bring transparency and confidence in the sector. The RERA Act 2016 was passed
and came into force on May 1, 2016, has given the Indian real estate industry first regulator. It aimed to bring fair and equitable
transaction between buyer and seller, making transaction accountable and transparent.
METHODOLOGY :
INFERENCE :
Changes have taken place in the real estate sector like RERA Act, benami property Act, demonetization and GST. These reforms
have changed the quantum and way of doing
business in the sector. Experts are now analyzing that the long-term impact of these reforms will be positive as it will improve
transparency and confidence of investor. Though the changes have created difficulties for various participants in the sector and
they have to prepare themselves for whatever lies ahead as it may be the beginning of new innings in the sector.
SOURCE:International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

9.TOPIC : STUDY ON IMPACT OF RERA AND GST ON CONSTRUCTION SECTOR
JOURNAL REVIEW
ABSTRACT :The Real Estate sector acts as an umbrella for satisfying the requirement for housing and infrastructure in a
country. It majorly enhances five sub divisions such as housing, infrastructure, retail, hospitality, and commercial. The Real
Estate sector lacked professionalism, standardization and consumer protection as a conventional practice throughout the
country. The announcement of the Real Estate Regulator Bill (RERA) which was passed by the Indian Parliament in March 2016
(Differently categorized for different states) has ensured a new era in the Indian Real Estate market. This bill passed by the
parliament of India provides more accountable transparent and dependable system in the construction sector Focusing
basically on the real estate market of selling and buying properties. The new Taxation system (GST Goods and Service Tax) also
introduced tremendous changes in the Real Estate Market. This made Real Estate Market slow in its Initial Stages which left
Builders and Contractors to stay away from the Business for a particular period of time, to confront themselves with the new
laws and the new taxation system.
Source:International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

Due to implementation of RERA, the major victim of the real estate sector is the developer/ promotor now. The
transactions will not go unaccounted. The real estate sector has become more competitive. The status of Indian real estate is
expected to rise. Indian real estate is improving towards global standards and practices.
For ready possession projects, only the construction cost i.e. the material cost and labour cost affect the cost of a
property. Other indirect taxes (service tax, value added tax, GST) are not applicable, where as for new projects the new taxes are
applicable.
10. TOPIC : Impact of Government Policies on Real Estate Consumer Buying Behaviour
ABSTRACT : The real estate sector in India assumed a greater prominence with the liberalisation of the economy, as the
consequent increase in business opportunities and labour migration led to rising demand for commercial and housing space. At
present, the real estate and construction sectors are playing a crucial role in the overall development of India’s core infrastructu
Heightened realization on the part of all stakeholders that infrastructure would play a key role towards pushing India’s GDP
the desirable 8 percent mark has come as a boon for India’s construction industry. This study was basically concern with
consumer buying behaviour towards residential properties. The basic objective behind carrying this study was to study the
impact of Government Policies on consumer’s property purchasing behaviour i.e. (Residential) of different types of customer in
different area in NCR, to study the various factors affecting the customer-buying pattern especially in case of residential properti
and to search out whether Government Policies will encourage a consumer to buy real estate property and to see whether
customer’s are getting confidence through this new regulatory body which is going to regulate the industry.
Source : International Journal of Trade & Commerce-IIARTC//.213

JOURNAL REVIEW
INFERENCE:
The Real Estate Regulation Act is enforcing the developers to get registered in RERA, which has created a fear in the industry.
While buying real estate property, consumers are more concerned about even a small thing. RERA will throw a transparent
picture of industry where a consumer can analyze the choices of property with the help of RERA. RERA has impacted
positively on the consumer‟s perception of buying a real estate property. Survey was conducted to conclude the impact
of RERA on consumer buying behaviour, out of 201 respondent almost people are strongly agreeing with the clauses
mention in the Real Estate (Regulation and Development)Act, 2016 and it has enlarged confidence in the perception of
consumer while buying real estate property. RERA has made home buyers king of the industry. It has given first
priority to the home buyers. This regulatory body has made real estate industry more transparent. There is scope of
more professionalism in this sector as the Developers and Real estate agent both have to adhere the norms and conditions of
RERA.

11. TOPIC : Factors lead to overhang in affordable housing: A content JOURNAL REVIEW
analysis in qualitative approach
ABSTRACT : Housing issue is one of the key challenges and has its social repercussions if not well
managed. The numerous affordable housing programs have been introduced and intended to
increase the supply of affordable housing. The programs are meant to alleviate the affordable
housing issue in the country. Although the lacking units of affordable housing persists, the slow
market trends have also led to an increase in overhang units. The number of property overhang
partly in affordable housing units were reported increased continuously year over year and does
not attract the target market nor able to cater the housing needs of the targeted house buyers.
Industry players were of the opinion that the perceived slow demand in low cost housing units
are mainly due to difficulty in securing financing, unsuitable location as well as a shift in demand
towards better quality projects and other factors. The purpose of this study is to identify the
current overhang scenario in affordable housing and factors that lead to the issues. There is a
need to have an in-depth study in addressing the issues. Otherwise, the overhang will exert
pressure on prices and rental in the market and gives impact in near future.

JOURNAL REVIEW
INFERENCE :
The key roles of the research are about the establishment of a framework for the successful affordable housing. This research
aims to design and develop a framework on affordable housing at urban areas in Malaysia. This framework will able to
determine factors that leads to the overhang issues in affordable housing with the focus on the affordable housing project that
are located at the urban areas. By developing a structural modelling on the CSFs of affordable housing, it is intended to figure
out the CSFs in affordable housing as to reduce the issue of overhang in affordable housing. The determined of the CSFs is able
to provide an informative guideline to both developers and purchasers. The establishment of the framework is hoped to gives
benefit to the public and also to the industry players.

12. TOPIC : CAUSES ANALYSIS OF UNSOLD NEW HOUSING STOCK JOURNAL REVIEW
ABSTRACT : The financial standing of construction enterprises in the housing market is significantly impacted by the unsold new
house stock, a significant issue. It is impacted by a number of factors that make up the housing market. In this study, the causes
of "unsold new housing stock" were determined by examining the association between housing market supply and demand
System dynamics were employed in the study to analyse the data.
METHODOLOGY :

JOURNAL REVIEW
INFERENCE : The factors in this study were chosen after reviewing the body of prior research. System dynamics uses the CLD to
analyse inter-variable correlation. By applying correlation impact analysis with CLD, which differs from the previous single-
direction impact-elements analysis, 22 causes of unsold new housing stock may be identified. It is expected that more effective
solutions might be provided when policies to reduce the unsold new home stock would be formed if a simulation were to be
conducted in the future using the CLD recommended by this study and more objectivity would be guaranteed.
13.TOPIC : FACTORS AFFECTING REAL ESTATE PRICES – EVIDENCE FROM MACROECONOMIC DATA IN VIETNAM
ABSTRACT : For nations with open, developing, and transitional economies like Vietnam, the real estate market is crucial to
socioeconomic life. Real estate prices play a significant role in the market and are influenced by a variety of macroeconomic
factors. The authors build a realistic test pattern matching system using quarterly data from the first quarter of 2005 to the
fourth quarter of 2018, which necessitates analysis and the possibility of possible sources of data on data collected in Vietnam
regarding the relationship between the real estate price index and factors of economic growth, inflation, money supply, and the
market's average long-term lending rate. According to experimental findings, these macroeconomic variables significantly affect
real estate values in Vietnam. The article then offers macroeconomic consequences for Vietnam's national policies in terms of
stabilising real estate commodity prices in particular and expanding the real estate sector overall.
METHODOLOGY :

It is vital to conduct research on the variables influencing real estate pricing. Through an analysis of domestic and international
studies, the research findings have theoretical ramifications.
Additionally, empirical study provides a picture of the current long- and short-term relationships between macro factors and
Vietnam's real estate price index. Long-term price index increases are a result of economic expansion and inflation; on the other
hand, higher interest rates often cause only a decline in real estate values. Vietnam is a growing nation that consistently
experiences economic growth and is forced to deal with rising domestic real estate costs. The Vietnamese government needs to
act before these findings to effectively manage the domestic real estate market, in particular by making appropriate use of
macrotools to control real estate prices. This study provides evidence for variables that influence real estate values in Vietnam,
including economic growth, inflation, M2 money supply, and long-term lending rates.
SOURCE : JOURNAL OF SOUTHWEST JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY

JOURNAL REVIEW
14.TOPIC : Problems and Solutions of China’s Real Estate Market Based on International Comparison
ABSTRACT : This study conducts a comparative analysis of the growth of the real estate markets in China and a few other
comparable countries based on establishing the international comparison methodology and framework (or regions). The rapid
increase in urban housing costs and the high ratio of housing costs to income are the main issues facing the real estate sector.
The direct cause is the inflow of social money into the real estate market, particularly excessive credit funds. The development
of the real estate sector is beyond the stage for the indirect reason that the land supply mode causes the land price to increase
too quickly and account for a big proportion in house price.in terms of economic growth. These issues are interconnected rather
than existing in isolation. The rapid increase in housing costs in most cities, particularly in the first-tier cities, is a full
representation of the negative effects of the land supply system and the promotion of a significant amount of credit. The key
concepts for resolving the issue are accurately comprehending the real estate market's status, function, and influence;
stabilising and improving the real estate market's short-term control policy; and expediting the establishment of a long-term
mechanism for the real estate market's healthy development.

JOURNAL REVIEW
SOURCE : China Finance and Economic Review

JOURNAL REVIEW
INFERENCE :
The first major issue is that the housing price-to-income ratio has continued to climb as a result of the excessively quick
increase in metropolitan housing prices. The average yearly growth of the average sales price of commercial real estate and
residential commodity housing in China outpaced the average growth rate of these nations when compared to the equivalent
housing costs in seven developed and five developing countries. The second direct cause is the influx of social funds, particularly
credit funds, into the real estate market. China has been investing more in real estate, particularly housing, and its GDP share has
increased with a much higher growth rate and proportion than those of Japan and South Korea at the same stage of
development.Third, the land supply model, which raises land prices too quickly and inflates the share of land prices in house
prices, is the indirect cause . China's local governments, who manage the quantity, structure, geography, and rhythm of land
supply, take part in the income distribution brought on by land appreciation, and become overly reliant on the income from "land
finance," own the income from the transfer of land use rights.
SOURCE : China Finance and Economic Review

15. TOPIC : Evaluation of Real Estate Inventory Management in China JOURNAL REVIEW
ABSTRACT : In addition to affecting the area economy and the potential for sustainable social development, inventory
management also influences the health of the real estate market. In this paper, we build a real estate inventory management
performance evaluation and obstacle diagnosis model, conduct an empirical study on 31 Chinese provinces and cities, and
use the DPSIR framework to integrate multi-dimensional influence factors, such as economic, social, and environmental
factors. The findings reveal that China's real estate inventory is enormous in size, with significant spatial heterogeneity and
agglomeration; second, China's real estate inventory management performance is inadequate and has not improved despite
the strong policy intervention of the central and local governments; and third, the real estate inventory management
obstacle factors are becoming more prevalent.Significantly, Profits of Real Estate Enterprises, Disposable Income of Urban
Residents, Financial Revenue, Per Capital GDP, Resident Population, Gross Domestic Product, Total Retail Sales of Social
Consumer Goods, Financial Expense, and Loans Balance of Financial Institutes are Critical Obstacle Factors; and Fourth, it is
Suggestion that, on the basis of mastering the Real Conditions of Suggestion, the actual conditions of suggestion can be
mastered.

JOURNAL REVIEW
INFERENCE : For scholars in real estate economics, land management, human geography, spatial economics, and spatial
planning, this study offers a novel research framework and approach that makes it easier to disclose the patterns of real estate
inventory management and its governance mechanisms. The current characteristics of an inventory are the core of real estate
inventory management, but they are not the only ones. They must also be extended to the front end, focusing on the
pressure and drive to create inventory, and extended to the back end, taking into account how businesses and governments
respond to inventory as they are important segments in inventory management that should not be ignored. Previous
research has simply evaluated inventory status, omitting the front-end and back-end parts. The creative idea of This paper
seeks to provide a thorough research with front end, middle-end, and back-end coverage by integrating the causes of the
inventory, present situation, and reaction actions into a holistic framework. In order to help policymakers and decision makers
find a rational and scientific real estate inventory governance model, this paper analyses the development trends and evolution
laws of China's real estate inventory as well as performance evaluation, obstacle diagnosis, and coping strategies of inventory
management . It also provides the necessary decision basis for government management and policy regulation. Not only are
the study techniques and conclusions of this work applicable to China, but they can also be used as a guide for decision-making
to address the issues with real estate inventory management.

16.TOPIC : A Real Estate Boom with Chinese Characteristics
JOURNAL REVIEW
ABSTRACT : A housing crash is not inevitable, but that the outcome depends on decisions made by the Chinese government.
Only if new construction is sufficiently restricted can prices remain high. Yet the social costs of restricting new housing supply
could be significant, because of both the lower employment and reduced growth of China’s hyper-productive cities. This is
indeed a real estate boom with Chinese characteristics: like much of modern China, its fate rests ultimately with government
decisions.
METHODOLOGY :

JOURNAL REVIEW
INFERENCE : There is the critical role of the Chinese government in housing markets. The demand for urbanization in China is
large, so if the government acts to sharply restrict new supply, it can probably maintain prices at close to current market
levels. If the government buys up excess housing inventory perhaps to convert it to social housing as it started to do in 2015
it can further bolster softening prices. There does appear to be a feasible public path towards housing price stability. Yet that
path may create significant social costs. Construction employment would plummet. Millions of Chinese may lose the apparent
productivity advantages
associated with living in Chinese cities (Chauvin, Glaeser, Ma, and Tobio forthcoming). Local governments would lose the
financial autonomy from land sales and taxes that has been their institutional basis. The alternative for the Chinese
government is to accommodate high levels of construction and housing supply. As we have showed, this will lead to very low
or negative expected returns to investment in housing. The welfare of potential new buyers will rise, but current owners will
suffer losses.
SOURCE : Journal of Economic Perspectives

17.TOPIC : Factors affecting the housing prices in China
JOURNAL REVIEW
ABSTRACT : This study attempts to investigate the variables influencing housing costs according to Chinese literature listed in
the Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD). there were several foci on the factors influencing property prices in China. The
researchers were inspired to thoroughly analyse Chinese literature in order to determine the elements influencing property
prices in China because the majority of earlier English articles only provided information on foreign research.
METHODOLOGY :

JOURNAL REVIEW
INFERENCE : We reviewed and analysed the four meta-categories that affect house prices in this paper. Unexpectedly, several
distinctive elements that influenced property prices in China were exclusively discussed in Chinese papers and were rarely
investigated in English articles. For instance, government spending and macro-control, or the People's Republic of China's use
of direct government action and the supply of commercial real estate, helped to cool down the overheated economy. A
significant factor inflating prices was the novel second-child policy. The frequency of having a second kid and willingness to have
a second child were frequently cited in Chinese literature as significant variables influencing house prices. In addition, it
appeared that an increasing number of local municipal governments and public administrative agencies in China were
influencing housing supply, housing affordability, and newly constructed housing.

JOURNAL REVIEW
18.TOPIC : Indian real estate players taking economic crisis into its stride – a case study of DLF Ltd
ABSTRACT : As a result of the global financial crisis, the real estate sector is severely distressed. The real estate players were
compelled to use unfair tactics, such as layoffs and the postponement of capital-intensive projects, etc., to lessen the effects of
GFM,(Government furnihed material) which resulted to job losses. In order to alleviate the liquidity crisis it was experiencing as
a result of GFM, DLF Ltd., a major player in Indian real estate, was making significant efforts to sell its key assets, including
residential, commercial, and industrial plots. As there are very few buyers available in the real estate market today the real
estate players are wooing them by offering incentives and have adopted various management practises to neutralise the
impact of GFM on their bottom-line. The real estate players have embraced techniques like Instead of utilising inappropriate
methods, consider redefining capital structure, low-cost housing projects, value engineering, asset monetization, offering
discounts, etc. to successfully deal with GFM's burned. These management strategies, which Indian real estate players have
employed, have assisted them in operating their businesses successfully as well as reducing negative effects on their bottom
line. In light of this, a study has been done to examine the efficient management techniques used by DLF Ltd, a major player in
the Indian real estate market, to handle the global financial crisis.

JOURNAL REVIEW
INFERENCE : The real estate companies in India have faced the burnt of GFM. As panic set in due to falling demand for
house property some of the companies’ resorted to uncalled for practices such as lay-off, suspension of capital intensive
projects etc. resulting Into job losses. However some companies such as DLF Ltd were bold enough to withstand the pressure
of GFM and adopted better management practices to mitigate impact of GFM. The focus of real estate companies has
shifted from large products Like big office buildings to affordable projects. They are offloading housing inventory at lower
prices, arranging finance through private investors, The real estate sector can plays vital role in the economic recovery.
The government of India should take measures to boost the growth of this sector.

19.TOPIC : Factors influencing house price in Ho Chi Minh city JOURNAL REVIEW
ABSTRACT
The unaffordable price of house and land is one of the most significant issues confronting
governors in this country. It is reported that current lowest house price in Ho Chi Minh city is 8 to
10 times higher the total income of a whole family in one year, equivalent with 22-25 times higher
than that of a middle-income earner, this is noticeably high compared with other countries.It is projected that this level of price
will not be likely to decline for people’s Vietnamese traditional attitudes toward houses. However, financial programs from the
banks just support from middle to high – income class. It means that house is unreachable to the low-income group in this
country

INFERENCE: JOURNAL REVIEW
Due to the high density of population much higher than the country as the whole: 13.5 times
along with the limitation of land resources, it is understandable that house price in Ho Chi Minh
city is very high. Besides, literature also indicates that the rate of house price over income of
Vietnamese is much higher than other countries in the areas. Seasonable rate
recommended by the United Nations is from 3 to 4. These figures indicate that possessing a
house is one of the heaviest pressure that citizens in this city must burden. As a result,
identifying factors influencing house price could provide a general picture on this issue and help
people to have a better choice according to their demands. Moreover, the results of the paper
also hope to be a good reference for local policy-makers for tackling the issue of the housing
shortage and high house price in this city. Finally, during the process of researching, it is
noticeable that despite the abundant on studies on apartment price, there is a shortage in the
literature on house price in Ho Chi Minh city in specific and Vietnam in general. This is a
surprising fact as this topic is not new for researchers and economists all over the world. The reason
for this could be that real estate is still a new field in Vietnam. Therefore, the paper also
aims to contribute to the limited resource in this field and could be employed as a reference for
future research.

20. TOPIC : Influence of Macroeconomic Factors on Prices of Real Estate in Various JOURNAL REVIEW
Cultural Environments: Case of Slovenia, Greece, France, Poland and Norway
ABSTRACT: Based on the multiple linear regression model, we investigating which of the observed macroeconomic factors: the
unemployment rate, the current account of the country stock index, gross domestic product and industrial production are
significantly associated with property prices in relation to the different cultural environments: Slovenia, Greece, France, Poland
and Norway. We found that there are statistically significant correlations between the prices of residential real estate and
selected
macroeconomic factors. The results show a distinct pattern that applies to France, Greece, Norway and Poland, where the price
of real estate observed statistically significantly associated with unemployment. In the case of Slovenia, the results show that a
statistically significant relationship reflects only to a share index. That is illustrated by the finding that prices in Slovenia on an
annual basis, between the observed cultural environments in the observed time interval, most declined.

The emphasis of the research was on the statistical-mathematical analysis of a potential influence of particular selected
variables, which are related to unemployment, share index, current account of a country, industrial production and gross
domestic product (GDP), on the prices of residential real estate in various economic, cultural and social environments, i.e. in
Slovenia, Greece, France, Norway and Poland. The implemented research provides an insight into factors connected with the
price of residential real estate in different economic, cultural and social environments. Within the scope of the research, we
have tested a hypothesis that the selected variables linked to unemployment, share index, current account of the country,
industrial production and GDP were related to the prices of residential real estate in the capitals of the selected countries:
Slovenia, Greece, France, Norway and Poland. The results of the final multiple regression models for individual selected
economic, cultural and social environments have demonstrated that the connection of the variables chosen for the model
with the price of residential real estate
differed depending on the observed environment.These factors may be a challenge for further
research. Considering the results of the research we believe that observation of these variables is essential for explanation,
prediction and forecasting of the behaviour of the real estate market, which is important especially for investors.
SOURCE: Procedia Economics and Finance

TOPIC :The Effect of Green Characteristics in Reducing the Inventory of Unsold Housing NET CASE STUDY
in New Residential Developments - A Case of Gyeonggi Province,in South Korea
This study analyzes the effect of green amenities on the reduction of unsold
housing stock in new residential development projects in Gyeonggi Province,
South Korea. We hypothesize that the effect of green amenities increases the
housing demand and consequently has helped to reduce the unsold
housing stock.
Study Site and Period :
The study site is Gyeonggi Province, the largest region in the Seoul metropolitan
area. The province has had a large number of unsold housing units .
MEASURES :
Our dependent variable is the ratio of unsold housing units to the total housing
units for sale in each housing complex (Unsold Unit Ratio). Our question variable
is green amenities.housing units to the total housing units for sale in each
housing complex. We considered the distance to the nearest urban park,
including waterfront parks, neighborhood parks, urban agriculture parks.

NET CASE STUDY
Three groups of control variables were considered: locational factors, structural characteristics of the housing complex, and
economic factors. Locational factors indicate the distance to the nearest amenities of various types.
For structural characteristics of the housing complexes, we included the floor area of each housing unit as a dummy variable
Economic factors include the macroeconomic conditions: economy growth rate (Economy growth rate), mortgage rate
(Mortgage rate), and housing policies implemented during the study period (Financial Policy).
The multilevel growth modeling to assess how the number of unsold units in the housing complexes changed over time
under the influences of the various factors. Multilevel growth models are a special case of random coefficient models, which
focus on time coefficients that vary randomly between the analytical units. The model was constructed as two-level, allowing
for the exploration of both intra-individual change and individual differences in the nature of that change. The individual in
this study is each housing complex. We first conducted two forms of unconditional modeling:
unconditional means modeling, also referred to as an intercept-only model or a null model, to check the proportion of the
outcome variance explained by the within and between housing complexes, and, unconditional growth modeling to see
whether longitudinal variability presents

CONCLUSION : NET CASE STUDY
This result accords with previous studies, showing that housing prices rise due to great view or landscape elements in the
complex . In South Korea, the predominant housing type is a high-rise, high-density complex , and the contractors of such
complexes strive to provide various facilities, such as thematic gardens, plazas, water features, trails, and semi-public recreational
facilities. The same trend is also observed in Asian countries, such as China and Malaysia, which have similar residential
development patterns.. In suburban development, public urban parks might not be an attraction to residents, because the area is
already more natural and forests and/or agricultural fields exist in close proximity to the housing . Suburban residents,
consequently, use public parks less intensively than
urban ones. Housing development projects are implemented to address housing shortages, but without a proper understanding
of the preference of potentials. In the case of Korea’s third new town development, the central and local governments made a
comprehensive plan to proactively procure 20 to 40% was allocated for commercial land, and 30% was allocated for green spaces.
INFERENCE :
Green characteristic plays an important role in every building no matter what the typology it is. This case study deals with how
an building can be unsold without efficient greenaries. Therefore through many anlytical measures, it has come to an
recommendation of providing more green space in order to sell the building as well as improving the neighbourhood
aesthetically.
Tobi, S.U.M.; Jasimin, T.H.; Rani, W.N.M.W.M. Overview of Affordable Housing from Supply and Demand Context in Malaysia.
In Proceedings of the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, 21–22 October 2020;
IOP Publishing: Bristol, UK, 2020; Volume 409, p. 012010. IMDPI

CHINA’S REAL ESTATE CRISIS NET CASE STUDY
ABSTRACT
The Chinese real estate market is in debt. Large real estate developers like the Evergrande have racked up enormous debts,
which has caused construction to halt and enraged many homebuyers.
China's property woes began roughly one year ago, when new government rules caused indebted property giant Evergrande to
default on outstanding bonds. The property crackdown spread to other developers as the government aimed to rein in debt and
speculation across the sector.
Tightening credit conditions
also play an important role.
Among other things, a key
policy change is the
government’s “three red lines”
regulation, introduced in
August 2020. It categorises
developers according to how
much debt they hold, which
then determines how much More than 60% of developers have hit at least one of the debt thresholds set by regulators
more they can borrow in 2021,
annually.

Around 10% crisis-hit Evergrande included – have breached all three. When this
NET CASE STUDY
happens, developers are not allowed to raise new borrowing for that year. The
resulting credit crunch has pushed many developers into a stressed position, with
some even defaulting.
WHAT LED TO IT?
Banks in China are facing $350 billion in mortgage losses, in the worst-case
scenario, as confidence in the country’s real estate market plummets and
authorities attempt to contain the spiralling unrest.
Investors have been concerned since last year that the financial woes of
Chinese real estate developers would affect the entire economy. The
unwillingness of many homeowners to make their mortgage payments over
the past two months has brought developers’ issues back to the fore, even
as China’s economic growth slows.
IMPACT ON OTHER SECTOR
• Engineering, industrial sectors

• Stockpiles or rebar
• Construction firms

WHAT IS BEHIND THE DECLINE OF SALES ? NET CASE STUDY
After decades of rapid growth, sagging sales in the sector surprised
many investors last March (2021). The market’s value continued to
decline as a result of fewer buyers between homeowners and
developers.
Compared with last year, first-half residential housing sales have fallen
by 32%. Researchers cited in the report predicted that the 100 largest
developers faced even worse sales, by 50% reduction in sales.
Beijing’s attitudes toward real estate developers, however, have
recently shifted from support to caution. The issue of industry-wide
debt is a significant factor. In fact, some experts think that the real
estate market is an impending financial bubble that has been distorted
for years by government meddling and liberal lending practises.

CAN THE GOVERNMENT FIX THE PROBLEM?
JOURNAL REVIEW
• China’s central bank announced a strict “three red lines” policy in August 2020, placing restrictions on the ratios of a
developer’s debt to its cash, equity, and assets. This was the final blow to the country’s efforts to control skyrocketing
prices, which had been the subject of regulatory changes since 2017. The real estate industry quickly entered a
downward spiral, with a sudden and sharp increase in bond defaults, missed payments, and halted projects.
• The Chinese government has essentially been encouraging people to buy property as an investment. However, the
market has become saturated and there are now far more buyers than available apartments and homes. In some
areas of Beijing, 60% of all housing is already occupied leaving many families living in cramped conditions or even
homelessness. This artificial demand has caused prices to rise rapidly out of reach for most ordinary citizens, with the
result that a large number have lost their homes and are facing massive financial difficulties.
• This crisis is likely to have a significant impact on the global economy, as well as on our own country. The Chinese
government has already started to try and moderate the market by limiting access to credit, setting off a wave of
panic selling that is still causing problems. In addition, China’s slowdown is also resulting in an exodus of economic
migrants – both in search of jobs and for opportunities to buy property overseas. This will add another layer of
complexity and volatility to the world economy.
• The ripple effects are impacting the entire Chinese economy it grew only 0.4% in the last quarter compared to the
previous year and may turn contagious around the world.

NET CASE STUDY
FACTORS FOR THIS SITUATION MAYBE :
• The economic slow down is majorly brought on by Omicron breakouts and the protracted lockdowns in several areas of China
from March to May;
• Rapid urbanization creating too much housing for consumers who can no longer afford it;
• High unemployment.
• A housing market in crisis.
• Sluggish consumer spending during lockdowns.
• A slowdown in domestic demand as the Chinese population
ages and gets richer.
• Government intervention that has created artificial markets.
WHAT COULD HAPPEN NEXT AND CONCLUSION
China real estate crisis has some serious global implications. If prices continue to fall, more developers will go bankrupt and
this could lead to even more debt defaults in other parts of the world, like the US. This would further reduce consumer
spending and impact businesses across the board. In fact, according to one estimate, China’s real estate crisis may already
be responsible for at least 1% of global economic slowdown over recent years. It’s unclear what will happen next but there
are already signs that the Chinese economy may start to rebound in the next quarter. However, it will take time for
everything to catch up and there could be more turbulence along the way.

JOURNAL REVIEW
According to one study, housing sales fell 27% in volume year-on-year between January and June. And it’s getting worse. July
sales fell 13% from June and 27% from a year earlier across 100 major Chinese cities. Consultancy firm Capital Economics
estimates that about 30 million newly developed properties remained unsold last year, while about 100 million more were likely
to have been bought but not occupied. Home prices dropped for the 11th straight month in July. S&P expects property sales to
fall by a third in 2022.
This is causing a lot of debt defaults in other parts of the world, like the US. For example, there was a massive real estate
bubble in Dubai that has now burst and caused major financial problems for many people. If China’s real estate crisis continues
to spread it could have serious global implications.
The debts total around $91 billion, or about 5% of overall Chinese credit default swaps (CDS). And the problem is only going to
get worse: with China’s population reaching 1.4 billion in 2020 and an estimated 350 million more people expected to move
into urban areas by 2025, developers will be even more eager to cash in on this so-called “One Billion Urban Residents Boom”.
Source:The hindu\gharoffice.in\China national bureau of statistics

NETSTUDY ON UNSOLD INVENTORY INCREASE IN MUMBAI. NET CASE STUDY
INTRODUCTION :
The addition of new housing units amid the subdued demand led to a spike
in the unsold inventory levels . Withdrawal of stamp duty waivers and
stagnant property values kept buyers at bay and contributed towards the
increasing unsold residential stock across zones.
Across the metro cities, NCR and MMR regions comprise the maximum
unsold housing inventory. Mumbai's unsold residential stock increased by
10 percent to nearly 1.1 lakh units QoQ.
Mumbai's real estate market experienced some headwinds in Q2 2021, with

its residential demand suffering a contraction.

The impact of unsold inventory NET CASE STUDY
The negative impact of unsold inventory is being felt by every developer in the industry. The market sentiment pushed away
investors and disrupted cash inflows, crippling the business operations of many builders. Given that real estate will account for
13 percent of the Indian economy by 2025, a high inventory overhang might impact the fiscal growth of the country, if left
unaddressed.
As inventory ages, liquidation becomes more difficult. Developers might find themselves in a vicious cycle if they wait for the
right buyer to come along, resulting in a further decline in property values. The market sentiment can also be adversely affected
by excessive discounts sought by potential buyers.
The Maharashtra Government's decision in April 2021 to stamp duty waiver on property registrations adversely impacted
Mumbai's real estate market in April and May 2021. However, sales improved marginally in June 2021. The maximum decline in
demand was from middle and low-income homebuyers who are largely driven by monetary benefits. The high-income and
premium buyers were relatively less affected.
Furthermore, as sentiment drives the real estate market, the residential sector is currently experiencing a lack of optimism,
which has concerced many to postpone their investment decisions.

A steep rise in raw material prices, like cement, iron, and steel, NET CASE STUDY
has also been a major factor that contributed to increased
unsold inventory. COVID-19 is already ripping the wind from
the sails with its second wave. On top of that, raw material
prices have increased tremendously, which is a double
whammy for developers. As many builders refrained from
decreasing property values or offering heavy discounts amid
wafer-thin margins, homebuyers remained at bay across zones.
CONCLUSION :
Nevertheless, the picture is not bleak. With the interest
subsidies under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), the
government has reduced homeownership barriers. Also, with
the Central Bank deferring the payments on term loans and
working capital loans, developers can arrange mortgages and
other construction-related loans, alleviating their liquidity
constraints.The new unit additions have been made by
premium realty builders, the conversions in these projects were
relatively higher. In the quarter ending June 2021, a few
reputed developers In a bid to evade risks, many homebuyers
remained inclined towards quality projects by ace developers,
even if they commanded a premium.

LAKE DUHAR :
LIVE CASE STUDY
Location : Kallikuppam, Ambattur , chennai.

Launched: 2015
No.of floors: 14
Tower : 5
Commercial mixed
Available units :
1BHK - 600Sq ft 37l
2 BHK - 1028 58L
2.5- 1360
3BHK - 1620
Parking : Stilt
6 Units per floor
Amenities : Podium garden , swimming, gym, club house, party
hall.
Total unit 408
Unsold unit : 54
Water source : Bore and metro water

LIVE CASE STUDY

LIVE CASE STUDY
MARKETING STRATEGIES:
• Location
• Industrial hub
• Amenities
• Advertising through various
Since it’s been more mediums
than 7 years of
launching, maintenence
was bad even near the
modular unsold flats
and Works were still
pending
INFERENCE :
Maintanence status of the building was bad and commercial planning was done in order to attract more buyers. There
are majorly 2 high rise buildings present in that surrounding RWD and Lake duhar. RWD being launched by 2019 is fully
occupied when compared to it. It may be due to highend amenities and proper maintenance was focused.

NPL GRAND MELODY LIVE CASE STUDY
Location : Royapettah, Chennai
Builder : NPL Group
No. of floors : 13
Occupied : 10 nos
Launched : 2017
Water source : Borewell and metro
Parking : Stilt parking
3 BHK : 2031
4 BHK : 2669
Amenities :
Party hall ( 50 occupancies )
indoor games
NEAR BY LOCATED :
Express avenue - 200 m

Spencer plaza - 350 m
Mount road - 250 m

LIVE CASE STUDY
MARKETING STRATEGIES:
INFERENCE : • Location
Marketing stratergy was not proper. • Comercial space surrounded
The unsold reason could be due to the presence of E- • located in major area
Residence just opposite to the building. They provide • Amenities
luxury housing with more amenities when compared to • Advertising through various
NPL Grand melody. mediums

COMPARATIVE STUDY

JOURNAL REVIEW

JOURNAL REVIEW

JOURNAL REVIEW

JOURNAL REVIEW

JOURNAL REVIEW

JOURNAL REVIEW

JOURNAL REVIEW

JOURNAL REVIEW

JOURNAL REVIEW

JOURNAL REVIEW

QUESTIONNAIRE

QUESTIONNAIRE

QUESTIONNAIRE

RECOMMENDATION AND INFERENCE
RECOMMENDATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS:
• To analyze the context of the building

• To propose the buildings where demand is high
• Feasible study of nearby buildings and their unsold numbers should be considered
• Compare and relate with nearby unsold buildings and give a possible effective outcome
INFERENCE
INFERENCE:
Unsold inventory in high rise building can be rectified by understanding the demand of the people. Demand and supply plays
major role in this topic. The needing factors of the particular high rise building must be identified and must be built
accordingly. Proper FSI must be followed and over saturation must be avoided. These factors must be taken into account
before constructing high rise buildings since the unsold inventory reflects in GDP.

THANK YOU

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UNSOLD INVENTORY IN

HIGH RISE BUILDING

What is an unsold inventory?

An unsold inventory is the consequence of an organization

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

The exponential rise in urban population

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

• A larger population is perceived to

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

CONTROLLED FACTORS ARE :

• Premium price, mediocre facilities

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

One of the most well-known service sectors in India is the

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

• Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

House prices get a boost, too

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

West Chennai Porur, ambattur,

South Chennai Perumbakkam,

North chennai Tondaripet, kolathur,

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

• The Chennai residential market has been on a steady

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

The residential rental sector has historically offered the greatest

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

A Vast, Yet Fragmented Market

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

• Long-Term Buy and Hold Rentals

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

SOURCE: https://www.aimsjournal.org/Izmir Institute of Technology, Department

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II

UNSOLD INVENTORY IN HIGH RISE BUILDING 211592101006, CPM YEAR II