Ethics

Review
IT IS THE SCIENCE
Ethics
OF THE MORALITY
OF HUMAN ACTS
This ethical approach assumes

Atheistic
that only matter exists and
man is responsible only to the
state since there in no God.
It is an ethical approach that
Theistic
believes and recognize God
as the supreme lawgiver.
It is an action performs
Human
with Acts
prior knowledge,
will, and freedom.
 Knowledge,
What is the 3 elements
of Human Acts?
Freedom, Will
 Ignorance,
What is the modifiers
Concupiscence,
of Human Acts?
Violence, Fear,
Habit
Learning Targets
•I can give and define moral
distinction.
•I can explain the mystery of
wickedness – Sin.
 Morality of Human Acts
It is the justification
whether an action is good
or evil.
 Morality of Human Acts
The morality of human acts
depends on “object, means, and
end.”
 Morality of Human Acts
This three determinants of the
morality of human act is needed to
verify whether an action is good or
evil.
 Morality of Human Acts
The goodness of a moral act is assessed based
on three conditions: object (and its goodness),
intention (or end as expressed by Saint Thomas
Aquinas), and circumstances (means)
 Morality of Human Acts
Object Intention/End Circumstances/Means
What of the Why of the Action When/who/
Action where/how of the
Action
 Morality of Human Acts
The object of any action is its essence
which makes an action – what it is. That
object can be something good, bad or
indifferent.
 Example
A politician helps the people
during the election. The
politician won the election.
MORAL DISTINCTIONS
MORAL
IMMORAL
AMORAL
 MORAL DISTINCTIONS
MORAL
– CONFORM WITH THE
NORMS OF MORALITY.
 MORAL DISTINCTIONS
IMMORAL
– DOES NOT CONFORMS
WITH THE MORAL NORMS
(EVIL)
 MORAL DISTINCTIONS
AMORAL
– ARE THOSE WHICH STAND
NEUTRAL OR INDIFFERENT TO
THE NORMS OF MORALITY.
MORAL DISTINCTIONS

HELPING
MORAL DISTINCTIONS

STEALING
MORAL DISTINCTIONS

WALKING
 Morality of Human Acts
Circumstances refers to such things, as the
act being done at a particular time, in a
particular place, by a particular agent, in a
particular manner.
 Morality of Human Acts
Moral circumstances are the criteria for
assessing the goodness or badness of a
human action. Moral circumstances may
increase the goodness or badness of a
human action. 
 Example
A politician helps the people
during the election. The
politician won the election.
 Morality of Human Acts
End of the Action
It refers to the purpose the person had in mind
while doing the act. Certain principles can be
deduced based on the purpose in mind when
performing the act.
 Example
A politician helps the people
during the election. The
politician won the election.
 Example
Robinhood steals from the
abusive rich people to help those
who are poor.
 Example
Robinhood creates an organization
with the help of his friends to help
those who are poor.
 Morality of Human Acts
The action is good if all the
determinants of the morality is good but
it becomes evil if one of them is evil.
 Morality of Human Acts
Saint Thomas believes that the morality of the human act
depends primarily on the object, rationally chosen by
someone who deliberately exercises their will and
intellect. The object is the primary indicator — other than
intention and circumstance — for someone to judge
whether an action is good or evil.
 Review
What kind of action is justifiable
in the morality?
 Review
GIVE the 3 determinants of the
morality of HUMAN ACTS
 Review
It is the essence that makes the
action what it is.
 Review
It is the purpose of the action and
the reason why the doer act on a
certain thing.
 Review
It refers to such things, as the act
being done at a particular time, in a
particular place, by a particular agent,
in a particular manner.
 Example
Robinhood creates an organization
with the help of his friends to help
those who are poor.
 Example
Robinhood steals from the
abusive rich people to help those
who are poor.
 Example
A politician helps the people
during the election. The
politician won the election.
Justify the action if it is Moral, Immoral,
or amoral

Mark helps his friend to passed

the exam through cheating.
Immoral Acts
 Immoral Acts
Intrinsic evil
Extrinsic evil
 Intrinsic evil
WHEN THE WRONGFULNESS
IS PART OF THE NATURE OF
SUCH ACT.
 Extrinsic evil
WHEN ITS WRONGFULNESS
COMES FROM AN OUTSIDE
FACTOR.
THE MYSTERY OF WICKEDNESS: SIN

“Beyond the stark factual

reality of sin, we must
recognize that sin is not simply
doing something wrong which
we can easily rectify at will.”
-St. Pope John Paul II
THE MYSTERY OF WICKEDNESS: SIN

- CLEARLY SIN IS THE

PRODUCT OF MAN’S
FREEDOM
- SIN HATES THE LIGHT
THE MYSTERY OF WICKEDNESS: SIN

•ESSENCE OF SIN
- REFUSING TO FOLLOW OUR
CONSCIENCE CALL TOWARDS THE
GOOD.
- REJECTING GOD AND OUR OWN TRUE
SELF.
- BREAKING LOVING GODS COVENANT
THE MYSTERY OF WICKEDNESS: SIN

•Sin alienates us from

God, from others, and
from ourselves.
THE MYSTERY OF WICKEDNESS: SIN

This lead us to commit

immoral actions.
 Mini Peta #2

Create a slogan about

doing moral acts and
avoiding sin.