SYTEMATIC

BOTANY
RYAN DAVE B. MACARILAY
SAN ANTONIO NATIONAL AGRO-INDUSTRIAL AND VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Plant Reproduction
 Process by which plants generate new individuals.

 Reproduction is either Sexual or Asexual

 Asexual Reproduction: formation of off springs without fusion of gametes or germ

cells.
Off springs are identical to the parents

 Sexual Reproduction: Formation of off springs by fusion of gametes or germ cells.

Off springs are different from the parents
Sexual Reproduction

 Pollination – movement of pollen from the stamens to the stigma.

 Wind Pollination
 Insect Pollination
 Self Pollination
 Water Pollination (in Water Plants)
Asexual Reproduction

 Cuttings

 Marcoting

 Budding

 Grafting
Reproductive Cycle

 Sexual: Seed – Plant – Flower – Pollination – Fertilization – ovule turns into fruits
containing seeds

 Asexual Reproduction : (Choose from the four)

Role of Flowers in Pollination

 Bisexual/Hermaphrodite (Both possesses male and female organ)

 Unisexual (a flower only possesses one organ, pollination transfers the pollen)
PLANT MORPHOLOGY

 Field of study dealing with the external structure of plants.

Plant Structures

 Plant Organs – basic structural components of plants having specific functions.

 1. Roots: Present in all vascular plants

Functions as anchorage and absorption of water and minerals
2. Shoots: Contain an apical meristem of actively dividing cells resulting to the
elongation of the stem and leaf formation.
3. Stem: Bears all photosynthetic leaves
Conducts water from the roots and support in elevation of both leaves
and reproductive structures.
Plant Structures

 4. Leaf: Functions in food production via photosynthesis

 5. Inflorescence: Flowers

 6. Fruits: Mature ovary of angiosperms

Plant Habit
Herb – Plant in which any
above ground shoots
die at the end of an
annual growth.
Above ground shoots
may be annual; roots
may be biennial or
perineal.
Plant Habit
 Vine – plants with elongated,
weak stems that are
generally supported by
means of twining, tendrils or
roots.
Plant Habit
 Lianas – Woody Vine
Plant Habit
 Shrub – perennial, wood
plant with several main
stems arising at ground
level.
Plant Habit

 Tree
– ALAM NIYO NA ANG ITSURA NG PUNO!!!
WAG KAYONG ANO!
Plant Habitat

 TERRESTRIAL
Plant Habitat

 Aquatic/Immersed
Plant Habitat
 Epiphytic – Plants grows on
another plants
Plant Habitat
 Floating
Plant Habitat

 Emergent – roots grow

underwater but shoots
grow above water
Plant habitat

 Saxicalous – Plants growing

on rocks, cracks
Root Types

 Tap Root – Dominant primary roots

Root Types

 Fibrous Roots
Root Types

 Storage Roots
Root Types

 Aerial Roots
Root Types

 Contractile Roots –
Modified adventitious
roots that develop from
the base of a bulb or a
corm of a plant.
Root Types

 Buttress Roots
Root Types

 Prop Root – a
type of aerial
room which
functions aqs a
support to the
plant.
Stem Types

 Stem/Root Stocks – functions as reproductive structures in vegetative

propagation, either by splitting apart into separate plants.
Stem Types

 Bulb – shoot consist of

small amount of vertical
stem tissue and massive
thick, fleshy storage
leaves.
Stem Types

 Corm – Shoot consist

mostly of generally
globose stem tissue
surrounded by scale-like
leaves.
Stem Types

 Caudex – Stem consists

of a relatively
undifferentiated but
vertically oriented stem.
Stem Types

 Rhyzome – stem is
horizontal and
underground, typically
with short internodes.
Stem Types

 Tuber – consist of a thick,

underground storage stem,
lacking surrounding leaves
or protective scales.
Stem Types

 Thorn – A sharp/pointed stem or

shoot.
Stem types

 Aerole – has modified,

reduced, non elongating shoot
bearing spine as leaves.
Stem Types

 Culm – Flowering and fruiting stem

of plants.
Stem Types

 Scape – stem arising from

basal rosette of vegetative
leaves functioning to elevate
flowers above the ground.
Stem Types

 Tendril – long, slender, coiling

branch that is adapted for
climbing.
Stem Habit

 Caulescent – Plant with an

above ground stem
Stem Habit

 Acaulescent – bears major

photosynthetic leaves only
above ground.
Stem Habit

 Arborescent – stem with a

tree like appearance and size.
Stem Habit

 Suffrutescent – Stem that is basally

woody and herbaceous apex.
Stem Habit

 Prostrate – stem that is

trailing or lying flat.
Stem Habit

 Repent – Stem that is lying flat but

grows roots at the nodes.
Stem Habit

 Decumbent – Basally
prostrate but apically
ascending.
Leaf Types

 Simple – Bearing a single, continuous

blade.
Leaf Types

 Pinnately Compound – leaves are

arranged along a central axis.
Leaf Types

 Imparipinnate – pinnate leaf with a

terminate leaflet.
Leaf Types

 Paripinnate – Leaf that lacks a

terminal leaflet.
Leaf Types

 Bipinnate – leaf is with two orders of

axes, each is pinnate.
Leaf Types

 Palmately Compound – a leaf with

leaflets arises from four or more
common point.
Leaf Types

 Trifoliate – A compound leaf with

three leaflets.
Leaf Types

 Geminate – A compound leaf consisting

of two leaflets.
Leaf Types

 Bigeminate – Compound leaf

bearing two leaflets from one
common point.
Leaf Types

 Geminate-Pinnate – A compound
leaf bearing two a pinnate
arrangement of leaflets.
Leaf Types

 Unifoliate – A simple leaf attached to

the apex of a petiole.
Leaf Attachments
Leaf Venation

 Uninervous
Leaf Venation

 Pinnate-netted
Leaf Venation

 Palmate-Netted
Leaf Venation

 Parallel
Leaf Venation

 Penni-parallel
Leaf Venation

 Palmate-parallel
Leaf bases
Leaf Apex
Leaf Tips
Leaf margins
Leaf margins
Leaf margins
Leaf Position
Leaf Position
Leaf Position
Leaf Arrangement
Leaf Posture
Leaf Surface Texture