FOUNDATION OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

HUMANISM

-Vincent Gabrielle P. Salcedo

 “MAN HAS
NO GREATER
ENEMY THAN
HIMSELF.”
-FRANCESCO PETRARCA
(FATHER OF HUMANISM)
 FRANCESCO PETRARCA
1302-1374
Petrarch, Italian in full Francesco Petrarca
BORN:July 20, 1304, Arezzo, Tuscany [Italy]—
DIED: July 18/19, 1374
CONTRIUBUTION: Italian scholar, poet, and humanist whose
poems addressed to Laura, an idealized beloved, contributed
to the Renaissance flowering of lyric poetry.
Petrarch is traditionally called the “Father of Humanism,”
both for his influential philosophical attitudes, found in his
numerous personal letters, and his discovery and
compilation of classical texts.
“He was regarded as the greatest scholar of his age.”
 WHAT IS HUMANISM?
One of the theories that engages social skills, feelings, intellect,
artistic skills, practical skills, and more as part of their
education. Self-esteem, goals, and full autonomy are key learning
elements in the humanistic learning theory.
THE HUMANISTIC THEORY IN EDUCATION

 In history humanistic psychology is an outlook or

system of thought that focuses on human beings
rather than supernatural or divine insight. This
system stresses that human beings are inherently
good, and that basic needs are vital to human
behaviors.
 Humanism Theory
was developed by these two Theorist and
Psychologist

Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers

Self-actualization level- believed that a person reaches

Operant Conditioning in Humanism- suggested that to self-actualization level when they achieve their goals,
students only acted in a good or bad manner because of wishes and desires at all stages of their
the reward or punishment and could be trained based on life. It emphasized the role of an individual in shaping
that desire for a reward. their internal and external world.
Effects of this belief to
Educators
-This belief that humans are driven by feelings
causes educators who understand humanistic
psychology to not to just punish the bad
behavior.
1. FOCUS ON THE UNDERLYING HUMAN, EMOTIONAL ISSUES WHEN THEY
SEE BAD BEHAVIOR, HUMANISTIC LEARNING THEORY DEVELOPED
FURTHER AND THE IDEA THAT IF STUDENTS ARE UPSET, SAD, OR
DISTRESSED, THEY’RE LESS LIKELY TO BE ABLE TO FOCUS ON LEARNING.

If we will apply the first belief of effects in

Educators in a question like “ If you see a
student in a classroom who is very sad,
What are you going to do? How will you
react to make them focus in the class?”
2. THIS ENCOURAGES TEACHERS TO CREATE A CLASSROOM
ENVIRONMENT THAT HELPS STUDENTS FEEL COMFORTABLE AND
SAFE SO THEY CAN FOCUS ON THEIR LEARNING. EMOTIONS ARE AT
THE CENTER OF HUMANISM PSYCHOLOGY. 

If we will apply the second belief of effects in

Educators in a question like “ How can you
make your student feels welcome and
comfortable? What are you going to do?”
 PRINCIPLES OF HUMANISM THEORY

ROLE OF TEACHERS IN HUMANISM LEARNING T

HEORY

CLASSROOM APPLICATION WITH

HUMANISM
 PRINCIPLES OF HUMANISTIC THEORY
A. Student choice.
Choice is central to the humanistic learning theory and humanistic psychology. Humanistic learning is
student-centered, so students are encouraged to take control over their education. They make choices that can
range from daily activities to future goals. Students are encouraged to focus on a specific subject area of interest
for a reasonable amount of time that they choose.  
B. Fostering example to inspire students to become self-motivated
to learn. The effectiveness of this psychology approach is based on learners feeling engaged and self-
motivated, so they want to learn. So humanistic learning relies on educators working to engage students,
encouraging them to find things they are passionate about, so they are excited about learning. 
C. The importance of self-evaluation.
For most humanistic teachers, grades don’t really matter. Self-evaluation is the most meaningful way to
evaluate how learning is going. Grading students encourages students to work for the grade, instead of
doing things based on their own satisfaction and excitement of learning.
 ROLE OF TEACHERS IN HUMANISTIC
LEARNING THEORY
1. Teach learning skills – critical thinking about puzzles, one on one reading
and answering WH-Questions
 ROLE OF TEACHERS IN HUMANISTIC
LEARNING THEORY
2. Provide motivation for classroom tasks- Singing a song, dance, exercise and
play academic games, for highschool have someone read a quotation and
explain
 ROLE OF TEACHERS IN HUMANISTIC
LEARNING THEORY
3. Provide choices to students in task/subject selection - Choosing game, Play
choose a color game then pick their fate. PPT games and Play how the story
goes.
 ROLE OF TEACHERS IN HUMANISTIC
LEARNING THEORY
4. Create opportunities for group work with peers. – role playing, cooking, relay
races, group reporting
 CLASSROOM APPLICATION
 Teachers can help  Teachers can  Teachers can  Teachers
students set create exciting create good can utilize
learning goals. and engaging relationships journals for
learning with students student’s
opportunities. so they will evaluation.
trust speaking
to their teacher
if there is an
issue.
For Listening