1.

NOUNS

1.TYPES OF NOUNS

Người, vật, nơi chốn, e.g. a tourist, a postcard, a museum

Các hoạt động, ý kiến, cảm xúc, e.g. shopping, information, love

Danh từ riêng phải viết hoa chữ cái đầu.

e.g. Glasgow, Africa, Monday, April, Islam, The Lord of the Rings,…

Danh từ ghép (Coumpound Nouns), e.g. bookshop, washing machine

SINGULAR 2. SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS

add -s, e.g. books, postcards, houses, …

add -es to nous ending in –s, -ss, -sh, -o, -x, -z

e.g. buses, dishes, watches, potatoes, boxes, …
Ngoại lệ: videos, pianos
PLURAL

for nous ending in consonant y : country -> countries

for most nous ending in - f or - fe : life -> lives
thief -> thieves
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM ĐUÔI “S” / “ES”
1 - Phát âm là /s/ khi tận cùng từ bằng -p, -k, -t, -f.
e.g. stops [stops] works [wə:ks]

2- Phát âm là /iz/ khi tận cùng từ bằng -s,-ss,-ch,-sh,-x,-z,-o,-ge,-

ce
e.g. misses /misiz/ ; watches [wochiz]

3 - Phát âm là /z/ đối với những từ còn lại

e.g. study - studies; supply-supplies….
 MỘT SỐ DANH TỪ BẤT QUY TẮC

SINGULAR man woman child person foot tooth goose

PLURAL men women children people feet teeth geese

SE
E EE
S G
G OO
 3. NOUNS + VERS

Một số danh từ kết thúc bằng –s nhưng là số ít -> SINGULAR VERB

E.g. athletics economics gymnastics politics maths physics news

Athletics is an Olympic sport

Một số danh từ miêu tả những vật gồm 2 phần -> PLURAL

E.g. jeans pants pyjamas shorts tights trousers glasses scissors

My glasses are broken

 Để nói về một hay nhiều thứ như vậy ta dùng pair(s) of
I need a pair of trousers and three pairs of shorts

Để nói về một nhóm người => SINGULAR hay PLURAL VERB
=> Đề̀ Cập Những Người Trong Nhóm Đó

The Spanish team is/ are playing brilliantly

( all the Spanish player)

Nhưng khi nói về thể thống nhất => SINGULAR

The Spanish team has eleven players

POLICE luôn là PLURAL

The police have arrested the thieves
 4. COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

COUNTABLE NOUNS là những thứ ta có thể đếm được.

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS là những thứ ta không đếm được

• food and drink: bread, butter, meat, tea, coffee, milk, oil, pasta, salt, rice,…

• materials: water, oil, air, oxygen, metal, cotton, wood, plastic, paper,…

• school subjects and languages: geography, art, music, English,...

• ideas and feelings: education, work, advice, beauty, love, knowledge, fun,…

• activities: shopping, cycling, swimming,…

• groups of similar things: furniture, luggage, money,…

 COUNTABLE NOUNS
• Dùng ở số nhiều và số ít one shop -
> two shops
• Chia động từ ở số nhiều và số ít .
That painting is beautiful.
Those painting were expensive.
• Dùng a/an/this/that trước danh từ số
ít
Is there a museum here ?
• Dùng some/ the/ these/ those trước danh
từ số nhiều .
some apples, these books
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
• Không dùng ở dạng số nhiều petrol -
> some petrol
• Chia động từ ở số ít
Swimming is popular sport.
That petrol was expensive.
• Không dùng a/an -> dùng
some/this/that .
Can you give me some advice ?
This rice isn’t cooked.
 5. NOUNS THAT CAN BE COUNTABLE OR UNCOUNTABLE

COUNTABLE MEANING UNCOUNTABLE MEANING

• We keep six chickens in our garden. (animals) • Do you like chicken and rice ? (food)

• A coffee and two teas. (cups of tea) • Sam prefer lemon tea. (drink)

• Did you get a paper to day ? (a news paper) • I need some writing paper. (material)

• Those were easy exercises. (task) • Do you do much exercise ? (physical activity)

• I had some interesting experiences on • Experience is more important than

holiday. (things that happen to me) qualifications (learning by doing something)

• The gallery has two works by Goya. (painting) • My work is really interesting (job)
 6. WAYS OF COUNTING UNCOUNTBLE NOUNS

• units: a bar of soap, a bit of information/fun, an item of news, a loaf of bread,

a piece of furniture/luggage/paper, a sheet of paper, a slice of bread/cake/meat

• containers: a bottle of water, a can/tin of soup, a carton of milk, a cup of coffee,

a glass of orange juice, a jar of jam, a packet of sugar, a tub of butter/margarine,
a tube of toothpaste

• measurements: half a kilo of meat, a litre of petrol, two metres of silk

 NOUNS EXERCISES

1. Writhe the plural form of the nouns

car -> cars house -> houses potato -> potatoes country -> countries life -> lives
sheep -> sheep loaf -> loaves series -> series child -> children person -> people

foot -> feet tooth -> teeth fish -> fish housewife -> housewives knife -> knives goose -> geese
foot -> feet policeman -> policemen bamboo -> bamboos piano -> pianos quiz -> quizzes
2. I see…..
3. Choose the correct words

1. I think physics is / are the most difficult subject at college

2. How many aircrafts / aircraft does British Airways own ?

3. Was / Were the news interesting yesterday ?

4. The police is / are trying to find the missing girl.

5. There are three women / woman does British Airways own ?

6. I like your new jeans. Was it / Were they expensive ?

7. Do you have a pair of/ a scissors in your kitchen ?