16 18 15 3 5 19 19

Process
19 5 17 21 5 14 3 5

Sequence
15 18 4 5 18

Order
13 5 20 8 15 4

Method
19 5 18 9 5 19

Series
19 20 5 16 19

Steps
Scientific Method
Scientific Method
•Is a sequence of steps followed
by scientists to differentiate fact
from myth and superstition, or
validate or refute speculations.
•It is a systematic and orderly
approach to gathering data and
solving problems.
Steps in scientific method
Step 1

Observe
Step 2

Research
Step 3

Hypothesize
Two types of hypothesis:
1.Null hypothesis – it is written in negative
form
Eg. Earthworms do not help improve the
quality of soil.

2. Alternative hypothesis- written in

affirmative forms.
Eg. Earthworms help improve the quality of
soil.
Step 4

Test
Step 5

Analyze
Step 6

Conclude
Identifying variables
1. What factor do I want to
change or manipulate?
Answer: Independent variable
2. What factor do I want to
observe or measure?
Answer: dependent variable
3. What factor should I
keep constant or the
same?
Answer: Controlled
variable
Fair Test
Is an experimental design that
helps ensure that only one factor
or variable in the experiment is
changed, while keeping
everything else the same.
Hypothesis
Is a tentative
explanation about a
set of observation.
Theory

•Is a statement that uses facts and

relies on observation, research, and
experimentation.
Scientific law

•Describes the behavior of the

universe under certain
conditions, usually expressed as
a mathematical equation.
Observation

•Is what perceives through the

senses
•Sight
•Hearing
•Smell
•Taste
•Touch
Inference

•Is a suggestion or an
implication that one bases on
an observation.
Conclusion

•The stringing of all the

inferences and subjecting to
test.
Quantitative and Qualitative Data
Qualitative data

•Based from observation and

description.
Quantitative Data

•Is more exact.