Liu Hui & Qing Zhu Map

Group 4
2B04 Chan Wang Hei
2B15 Kwok Tai Sum Keifer
2B30 Yeung Shing Hei (Group Leader)
2B32 Yuen Shing Kwan
Mathematician: Liu Hui
Liu Hui ( 劉 徽 ) was a great Chinese
mathematician who lived in the Wei
state ( 魏 ) during the Three Kindoms
period ( 三 國 時 期 ). He made great
contributions in Mathematic and
surveying.
Contributions he made
 Create a rigorous circumcision technique to
calculate the value of pi (𝝅) more accurately.
 Discovered and computed with negative numbers.
 Presented The Sea Island Mathematical Manual
which can solve many practical problems of
surveying.
 Provided proof of a theorem identical to
Pythagoras’ theorem by Qing Zhu Map.
Pythagoras’ Theorem/Gou Gu Theorem
Pythagoras’ Theorem is a geometric theorem created
by Pythagoras. It states that the square of longest
side in the right~angle triangle is equal to the sum
of the square of the other two sides. This theorem is
often written as an equation called the Pythagoras’
equation:

a ² + b ² = c²
 A right-angledH triangle
yp o
ten
also (c) use
kno
wn
as
Altitude 弦
(a)
also known as 勾

Base
(b)
also known as 股
Qing Zhu Map ( 青朱出入圖 )
Qing Zhu Map is a diagram method
that proves Pythagoras’ Theorem.
It gives the relations between the
hypotenuse and the sum and
difference of the other two sides.
Let’s see how Qing Zhu Map
proves Pythagoras’ Theorem!
Step I:
Red
Altitude
勾自乘為朱方 (a)
Square
(A)

A right-angled triangle
with the width of the
altitude as a red square
is the vermilion square.

a x a = Area A
Step II: Combined
Hypotenuse
(c)
Square
股自乘為青方 (C)

The length of the

base as the blue Blue
square is the Square Base
cyan square. (B) (b)

b x b = Area B
c x c = Area C
Step III: A2
令出入相補，各從其類， A1
A1

其餘不動 B3

Replace the squares of B2

Zhu Fang and Qing B1
Fang such that they are
parallel to the bottom A2
edge, then cut, fix, and B2

use the surplus to fill up B3

for the deficiencies.
 Step IV:
合成弦方之冪，開方除之，
即弦也

The interior line does not

move, then the exterior line a x a = Area A
placed according to its kind. b x b = Area B
c x c = Area C
The square root equals the Area A + Area B = Area C
hypotenuse length.
∴ a² + b² = c²
Other proofs of Pythagoras’ Theorem
Zhao Shuang’s proof Rearrangement method
Euclid's proof
Created by Created by Created by
Euclid Zhao Shuang( 趙爽 ) Sir Thomas Heath
Real Life
Example
In daily life, we can see many applications of
Pythagoras’ Theorem in architecture and
construction. We can use it to measure how
many rebars are needed in Qing Ma Bridge or
calculate the the area of floor bricks.
Our Refection
We think Liu Hui’s proof of Qing Zhu Map is a
really smart way to prove Pythagoras’ Theorem.
Liu Hui demonstrated how Pythagoras’ Theorem
works in his own way at that time. As one of the
greatest mathematicians in Chinese history, Liu
Hui deserves our respect.
Conclusion
To summarize, the entry and exit diagram of Qing
Zhu Map is unique in the geometric proof of
Pythagoras’ Theorem / Gou Gu Theorem. It is so
amazing that it can be understood easily without
any words. Qing Zhu Map has deserved to attract
the attention of later generations because of its
distinctive characteristics.
References
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_theorem

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Hui

 https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E9%9D%92%E6%9C
%B1%E5%87%BA%E5%85%A5%E5%9B%BE

 https://byjus.com/maths/pythagoras-theorem/

 https://www.cuemath.com/geometry/pythagoras-theorem/
This is the end of our
presentation.

Thank you!