Sessions 4 and

5: Measuring cultural
differences
The Globe project

PhD  Valeria Puga Álvarez

What is the GLOBE project?
+ Global Leadership and Organizational Behaviour Effectiveness
research programme: GLOBE project.
+ GLOBE is a long-term programme divided into four phases, designed
to conceptualise, operationalise, test and validate a cross-level
integrated theory of the relationship between culture and societal,
organisational and leadership effectiveness.
+ The initial 2004 project examined the historical, social and economic
development of 25 countries.
 How GLOBE
envisions
culture?
+They followed Schein’s (1992) view of
culture as a product of a collective’s
attempts to address two sets of group
issues: external adaptation and internal
integration. Culture evolves as a collective
adapts to ongoing challenges surviving in the
face of external threats and opportunities and
managing relations among its members.
(Javidan et al. , 2006: 900) 
The 9 dimensions of societal variation
The 9 dimensions of societal variation

These questions reflect the two sides of culture: (1) the values, beliefs of a society or organisation, and
(2) the practices of an organisation (not only a work organisation but also a family). 
Societal culture ‘As Is’ and ‘Should Be’ (2008)
Societal culture ‘As Is’ and ‘Should Be’ (2008)
 To establish some sort of order that
allows cultures to be clustered in terms
of their similarities enables those
involved in multicultural operations to
gain a perspective. 
From dimensions
to (10) clusters
Historical developments and economic
similarities are also seen as playing a
crucial role in the clustering.
The GLOBE's 10 clusters
Activity in class: Discussion in groups: 15
minutes
+ What do you consider to be the essential differences between the approach taken
by Hofstede and that taken by the GLOBE project ? Do they have simmilarities?
+ If you were a manager in a multinational company what approach would you
choose to understand better your international workforce? If you look for more
inspiration to answer this question you can check this Forbes article Remote
Work Might Force Us To Be Better Cross-Cultural Managers: 
+ https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusinesscouncil/2021/01/14/remote-work-
might-force-us-to-be-better-cross-cultural-managers/?
sh=50fae2d36bac&fbclid=IwAR2wkCMXUy0AjVfskpvVRhVXAA2E65ntKJc
WB4cQg4m99zzVtorjQKzMv1Y