NAIL

Structure
 NAIL STRUCTURE
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WHAT IS NAIL?
The nail is an appendage of the skin. Nail is a horny translucent
plate that protects the tips of the fingers and toes. It is composed
mainly of keratin, a protein substance that forms the base of all
horny tissue. It is whitish and translucent in appearance and
allows the pinkish color of the nail bed to be seem. The horny
plate contains no nerves of blood vessels.
 NAIL STRUCTURE
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WHAT IS NAIL?
Onyx is the technical term for the nal. The condition of the nail,
like that of the skin,
reflects the general health of the body. Onychology is the study
of nail. The nails vary in thickness, being heaviest on the thumbs
and big toes.
The characteristics of healthy nails are firm and flexible, slightly
pink in color and
the surface is smooth, curved, and unspotted, without any hollows
or wavy ridges
 NAIL STRUCTURE
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WHAT IS NAIL?
The nail structure is divided into six parts: root,
nail bed, nail plate, eponychium, paronychium,
and hyponychium. Each of them has a specific
function, and if one part or component is
disrupted, the nail can look abnormal
 NAIL STRUCTURE
2. Nail bed: The nail bed is also referred to
as the sterile matrix. It extends from the
edge of the nail root or lunula, to the
hyponychium. The nail bed contains blood
vessels, nerves, and melanocytes that
produce melanin. As the root grows the
nail, the nail streams down along the nail
bed and adds maturial to the underside of
1. Nail root: The root of the nail is also known
the nail to make it thicker. When the nail
as the germinal matrix. Its edge appears as a
grows properly, the nail bed is smooth, but
white crescent, known as the lunula. The root
if the nail does not grow correctly, the nail
portion of this nail lies below the skin,
may spit or develop ridges that are not
underneath the nail, and extends several
cosmetically attractive.
millimeters into the finger. It is attached to
matrix.
 NAIL STRUCTURE
3. Nail plate: The nail plate is the actual
fingernail, and it is made of translucent keratin
The pinkish uppearance of the nail comes from
the blood vessels that are underneath it. The
underside of the nail plate has grooves that run
along the length of the nail and help anchor it to
the nail bed.
4. Eponychium: The sponychum is more
commonly known as the cuticle. It is
situated between the skin of the finger
and the nail plate. It fuses these
structures together and provides a
waterproof bamer.
5. Perionychium: The paronychium is the
skin that overlaps onto the sides of the nail
plate; it is the skin around nails, also
known as the paronychial edge. The
paronychium is the site of hangnails,
ingrown nails, and paronychia, a skin
infection.
 NAIL STRUCTURE

6. Hyponychium: The hyponychium is the area between the

free edge of the nail plate and the skin of the fingertip. It also
provides a waterproof barrier.
NAIL DISORDERS/
DISEASE
 Definition/ Description
Appear blue in color which reveals that body is
not getting enough oxygen. This also indicates
infection in the lungs, such as pneumonia.
Some heart problems can also be associated
with bluish nails.

Treatment/Care/Prevention

It is recommended to see a physician

but can also be given manicure with
care and light pressure.
BLUISH
NAIL
 Definition/ Description
Split cuticles; loose skin separates
from the cuticle. This is caused by
dry cuticle and environmental.

Treatment/Care/Prevention

This may be trimmed with

cuticle nippers, moisturize and
HANGNAIL apply cuticle oil.

S
 Definition/ Description
Caused by injury to the finger, improper
filing or exposure to harsh chemicals.
Dry, brittle nails have revealed thyroid
disease.

Treatment/Care/Prevention

It is recommended to soften nails

Onychorrhexis or before trimming and use daily
Split/brittle Nails moisturizers or have oil
manicures.
 Definition/ Description
shedding of one or more nails, either in whole or
in part. It can occur during or after certain
diseases of the body, such as syphilis, as a result
of fever and system upsets, as a reaction to
prescription drugs, or as a result of trauma.

Treatment/Care/Prevention

Always wear
properly fitted footwear that
offer your toes lots of space
Onychoptosis and dry nails thoroughly.
 Definition/ Description
An inflammation of the skin around the
nail caused by bacteria. The symptoms
are redness, swelling, and tenderness of
the tissue surrounding the nail.

Treatment/Care/Prevention
To prevent paronychia, always keep your hands
and feet dry and clean. wear rubber gloves with
an absorbent cotton lining if your hands are
exposed routinely to water or harsh chemicals
Paronychia and avoid cutting your cuticles or pushing them
back.
EQUIPMENT USED
IN
MANICURING
 Definition /Uses

A manicure table is a
workstation, of any variety, at
which a manicurist/nail
technician does her work.

Manicuring table and

adjustable lamp
 Definition /Uses

The adjustable
upholstered seat fitted
over a metal or chrome.
Patron's chair and
manicurist's chair or
stool
 Definition /Uses
an equipment used in salons to
keep manicure and pedicure
metal tools sterilized
completely free from bacteria,
fungus, viruses and other
organisms.
Tools Sterilizer
 Definition /Uses

an equipment that uses

UV Led that has most
efficient way to dry
nails faster.

Nail Dryer
 Definition /Uses

keeps all the nail

technicians tools and
materials readily at
hand.
Manicure Trolley
 Definition /Uses

For heating oil when

giving a hot oil a hot oil
manicure.

Electric heater
 Definition /Uses

Specialized type of
clock used for
measuring specific time
intervals.
TIMER
 Definition /Uses

this will be used for

killing or inactivate
microorganisms with the
Salon UV Light
used of Ultraviolet light.
Sterilizer
Implements Used
in Manicuring
 Definition /Uses

A thin stick nail care tool

used for cleaning free
edge on fingernails and
removing excess polish
Orangewood sticks
 Definition /Uses

Used to push back

or loosen the
cuticle.

Cuticle pusher
 Definition /Uses

Used for shaping

the free edge of the
nails.

Nail file
 Definition /Uses

Small plastic brush

used to cleanse the
hand and nails of
debris.

Nail brush
 Definition /Uses

A wooden, sand paper

like stick with a fine
texture on one side and a
coarse texture on the
other side used to gently
grind down the edges of
Emery board
the nails.
 Definition /Uses
It has two grits on one side
and a smooth, gray material
on the other side. The
smooth side is used to give
a glossy shine to nails when
polished. The coarse side is
used to smoothen irregular
Nail buffer
nail ridges.
 Definition /Uses

Metal device used to

cut or shorten
fingernails and
toenails.
Nail clippers or nail
cutter
 Definition /Uses

A small bowl used for

soaking the fingers to
soften the cuticles.

Finger or Manicure
bowl
 Definition /Uses

A container that holds

the necessary
cosmetics and
implements.
Supply tray
 Definition /Uses

A cushion for the nail

care service where
hands are rested.
Manicure Pillow
 Definition /Uses

A soft material where

toes are inserted to
keep them apart to
prevent a freshly
painted toenail from
Toenail separator
staining another toe.
Cosmetics Used
in Manicuring
 Definition /Uses

Liquid product
applied directly to the
nails to protect these
against stains from the
pigments in colored
Base coat nail polishes
 Definition /Uses

Applied twice over

the base coat to give
strength and color to
the nail plate.
Color enamels
 Definition /Uses

A liquid product
applied over the color
enamels. This product
protects the polish and
minimizes its chipping
Top coat and cracking.
 Definition /Uses

An oil product
sprayed or brushed
over the top coat to
quicken the drying
Quick-dry
process.
 Definition /Uses

Used to remove old

nail polish on the nail

Nail polish remover

 Definition /Uses

Used to thin out nail

polish when it has
thickened.
Nail polish solvent
 Definition /Uses

Used to soften the

cuticle.
Cuticle oil

Used to remove nail

Nail polish solvent
stain Os.
Nail bleaches
 Definition /Uses

Applied under the free

edge to make the tips
look whiter.
Nail whiteners
 Definition /Uses

Used to prevent
friction burns during a
massage and to soften
and moisturize the
skin.
Massage cream
 In cleaning the nails of the client, you must follow the
following procedures:
A. Put an ample amount of cuticle remover on the nails to soften the cuticle. Then
remove the soften cuticle using pusher and brush away the soiled cuticle with nail
brush.
B. Cut the hang nails and dry skin using nipper. Handle the nipper carefully so that you
will not cut the skin of the client. Always observe the safety of the client while doing
the manicure or pedicure service.

C. Trim the nails using nail cutter. Trimming is important in shaping the nails. Before you
decide to cut the nails ask first the opinion of the client on his/her desired shape (Note: The
general shapes of nails are circle, oval, round, square)
 In cleaning the nails of the client, you must follow the
following procedures:

D. To completely shape the nails, use nail file or emery board to remove the sharp
free edge of the nails.
E. Then apply benzalkonium chloride (popularly known as Merthaiolate) on each nail
as disinfectant as well antiseptic. Remove the excess benzalkonium chloride using
nail brush.
F. For the final steps in cleaning the nails, check if there are still hang nails or dead
skin cell that you missed to remove during the manicure or pedicure service. Brush
away the remaining soiled cuticle using nail brush. Then, ask the client if they want to
have colored nail polish.
 In cleaning the nails of the client, you must follow the
following procedures:

After cleaning the nails, you can apply any color of nail
polish depending on the preference of the client. Most nail
polish can stay on nails for 2-3 weeks before another
manicure if there is no deliberate damage to it. This
procedure can be applied to the toenails during pedicure
service. Don't forget to put inside the trash bag all the soiled
materials and used emery board.
THANK YOU!
HAVE A NICE
DAY!