QUANTITATIVE

AND QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
LESSON OBJECTIVES
1. Differentiate quantitative from qualitative
research.
2. Provide examples of qualitative research
in areas of interest.
 QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
There are two broad categories of research methodology:
quantitative research and qualitative research. The method
to be used in conducting a research will determine the
approach the researcher takes in identifying relevant data,
and collecting and analyzing the information gathered in the
research. Choosing either a quantitative or qualitative
approach will affect the components of the research.
• Contact time – the period when the researcher interacts with the
research subjects or participants to obtain relevant information.
• Hypothesis – a statement usually predicting the relationship
between variables that can be tested by scientific research.
• Outlier – a statistical observation in a set of data that is
inconsistent with the majority of the data.
• Output replicability – capable of repetition, imitation or
reproduction.
• Research instrument – a measurement tool designed to obtain,
measure and analyze data from research subjects around the
research topic.
• Sample size – the number of subjects to be taken from the
target population of the study
• Trend – an assumed development in the future that will have
a long-term and lasting effect; prevailing style or preference
• Validity – the functional quality of research instrument on
obtaining data and producing results based on the purpose of
the study
• Variable – any characteristic that can have different values
or traits that may vary across research participants
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN QUALITATIVE
AND QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN QUALITATIVE
AND QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
 Here is a simple example on how you can apply two methods
differently on the same research question, “How Satisfied are
Students with their Studies?”

In quantitative research, you may
survey 250 students at your school
and ask them a question, “On a scale
from 1-5, how satisfied are you with
your studies?” Then, you can perform
statistical analysis on the data and
draw conclusions such as: “On
average, students rated their studies
4.1”.
In qualitative research, you may conduct in-
depth interviews with 15 students and ask them
open-ended questions such as: “How satisfied
are you with your studies?”, “What is the most
positive aspect of your study program?”, and
“What can be done to improve the study
program?” Based on their answers, you can ask
follow up questions to clarify things.
Furthermore, you can transcribe all interviews
and try to find patterns and commonalities.
Here are some examples of research conducted by Abdullah (2019;
2020) to give you a glimpse on how the two methodologies can be
applied in different studies.
Here are some examples of research conducted by Abdullah (2019;
2020) to give you a glimpse on how the two methodologies can be
applied in different studies.
ASSESSMENT ON THE NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC HAZARDS AND DISASTERS
IN ROSARIO, BATANGAS: A BASIS FOR DISASTER RISK AND REDUCTION
MANAGEMENT
This study focused on the citizen’s assessment of the natural and human-induced
disasters and the practice of resiliency measure in the Municipality of Rosario Batangas,
which will be used as a basis for developing a disaster risk reduction management project.
This covered description of the municipality of Rosario, Batangas in terms of its population,
natural resources and its land area; and their assessment of the different natural and
anthropogenic hazards and disasters relative to fire, flood, typhoon and earthquake.
The study made use of the descriptive method of research with self-constructed
questionnaire as the main data-gathering instrument complimented by interview. The
respondents of the study were 200 stakeholders chosen through stratified random
sampling technique.
The data were treated using weighted mean, composite mean, and ranking.
Objectives:
This study aimed to assess the natural and human-induced disasters and the practice of resiliency
measure in the Municipality of Rosario Batangas as a basis for developing a disaster risk reduction
management project.
Specifically, the study sought answers to the following questions:
1. Describe the municipality of Rosario Batangas in terms of:
a. Population
b. Natural Resources
c. Land Area
2. Assess the different natural and anthropogenic hazards and disasters relative to:
a. Fire
b. Flood
c. Typhoon
d. Earthquake
3. Propose a plan of action to have a clear and effective disaster management program in the municipality of
Rosario.
ASSESSMENT:
• Read and analyze the following concepts. Then, categorize them into what type of
research method they belong to. Use the given table below and accomplish it on
your notebook
ASSESSMENT:
❖ The researcher is an objective observer.
❖ There is one concrete reality being governed by unchanging natural
laws that can explain any given phenomenon.
❖ The researcher is part of the context and intrinsically linked to the
findings.
❖ Concerns of bias are not part of research because the researcher is
transparent.
❖ There is one true reality regardless of context.
❖ A phenomenon can be understood by studying its component parts.
❖ Conditions must be carefully controlled to prevent unwanted
influences.
❖ Reality is context-specific.
❖ A phenomenon can be understood only when studied as a whole.
❖ Reality is socially and experientially constructed – resulting in
multiple realities of a phenomenon.