BIO1 – Human Anatomy & Physiology

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Prepared by:

JESSIE T. ORAÑO, RN, RM, MN, MAN, MMHA

ARIES M. BADONADO, PhD, RN, RM, LPT
Learning Objectives

After 1.5 hours of lecture-discussion, the

students will be able to:
1.Discuss the basic anatomy and function
of muscle.
2.Identify common muscular problems.
3.Demonstrate mastery of muscles used in
parenteral drug administration.
Muscles are responsible for all
types of body movement – they
contract or shorten and are the
machine of the body
Head and Neck Muscles

Figure 6.14

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Trunk Muscles

Figure 6.15
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 Deep Trunk and Arm Muscles

Figure 6.16
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Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh

Figure 6.18c
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Superficial Muscles: Anterior

Figure 6.20

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 The Muscular System
1
2 8

3
1) Frontalis 4 8) Biceps
5
9
2) Temporalis 10 9) Triceps
3) Trapezius 11 10) External oblique
4) Deltoid 11) Rectus abdominus
5) Pectoralis major
12) Quadriceps muscles
6
6) Sartorius 12 13) Gastrocnemius
7) Tibialis anterior 7 13
 FUNCTION OF MUSCLES

 Produce movement
 Maintain posture
 Stabilize joints
 Generate heat

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MUSCLES AND BODY MOVEMENTS

 Movement is
attained due to a
muscle moving
an attached bone

Figure 6.12

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MUSCLES AND BODY MOVEMENTS

 Muscles are
attached to at
least two points
 Origin –
attachment to a
immoveable bone
 Insertion –
attachment to an
movable bone
Slide
How Muscles Work
• All muscles do work by
contracting, or becoming
shorter and thicker. Biceps contracted

• Many skeletal muscles

work in pairs.
• One muscle in the pair Triceps relaxed

contracts to move the Biceps relaxed

bone in one direction.

• Then, the other muscle
in the pair contracts to Triceps contracted
move the bone back.
Tendons
• A thick strand of
tissue called a
tendon attaches a
muscle to a bone.
TYPES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS

 Isotonic contractions
 Myofilaments are able to slide past each
other during contractions
 The muscle shortens
 Isometric contractions
 Tension in the muscles increases
 The muscle is unable to shorten

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 6.28
MUSCLE TONE

 Some fibers are contracted even in a

relaxed muscle
 Different fibers contract at different
times to provide muscle tone
 The process of stimulating various fibers
is under involuntary control

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 6.29
EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON MUSCLE

 Results of increased muscle use

 Increase in muscle size
 Increase in muscle strength
 Increase in muscle efficiency
 Muscle becomes more fatigue resistant

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 6.31
 Voluntary vs Involuntary
Muscles

• Voluntary muscle is a muscle

that a person can control.
• Involuntary muscle is a muscle
that functions without a
person’s control.
THREE BASIC MUSCLE TYPES IN
THE BODY
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
NAMING OF SKELETAL MUSCLES

 Direction of muscle fibers

 Example: rectus (straight)
 Relative size of the muscle
 Example: maximus (largest)

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NAMING OF SKELETAL MUSCLES

 Location of the muscle

Example: many muscles are
named for bones (e.g.,
temporalis)
 Number of origins
Example: triceps (three heads)
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide
NAMING OF SKELETAL MUSCLES

 Location of the muscles origin and

insertion
 Example: sterno (on the sternum)
 Shape of the muscle
 Example: deltoid (triangular)
 Action of the muscle
 Example: flexor and extensor (flexes or
extends a bone)
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 6.37
SMOOTH MUSCLE CHARACTERISTICS
 Has no striations
 Spindle-shaped
cells
 Single nucleus
 Involuntary – no
conscious control
 Found mainly in
the walls of
hollow organs
 Slow, sustained
and tireless Figure 6.2a

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 6.6
CARDIAC MUSCLE CHARACTERISTICS
 Has striations
 Usually has a
single nucleus
 Joined to another
muscle cell at an
intercalated disc
 Involuntary
 Found only in the
heart
Figure 6.2b

 Steady pace!
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 6.7
Muscle Injuries
• Strains - A muscle strain, or a pulled muscle, is
a painful injury that may happen when muscles
are overworked or stretched too much or too
quickly.
• Tendonitis - Overuse of tendons may lead to
painful swelling and irritation called tendonitis.

• Prevent injuries
• regular strengthening and stretching exercises
• vary your exercise routine
• warm up and cool down
• stop exercising if you feel a sharp or sudden pain
Preventing Muscle Cramps
• A muscle cramp is a strong, uncontrolled
muscle contraction.
• To relieve a cramp, try massaging the
affected area and exercising the limb
gently.

• Stretching and drinking plenty of water

before and during exercise can help you
avoid muscle cramps.
END