ENGLISH 2x+

IN 1

3x + 2 x STATISTICS
AND
COMBINAT
 GROUP 4
• ANGGUN FILISIA ACUNA (4101422052)

• ADINDA PUTRI ARIBAH (4101422057)

• NOVA IFTIHAL (4101422068)

• INDYAH PRAMESWARI (4101422083)

• LAILY ARFINA SARI (4101422084)

• AHMAD ASROFI (4101422093)

 QUESTIO
W H AT I S N #1
STAT IS T IC S ?

STATISTICS IS THE SCIENCE CONCERNED

WITH DEVELOPING AND STUDYING
METHODS FOR COLLECTING, ANALYZING,
INTERPRETING, AND PRESENTING
TABLE TYPES :
• Row and column table
• Contingency table
• Frequency distribution table

CONTINGENCY TABLE

ROW AND COLUMN TABLE

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
TABLE
CHART TYPES :
• Bar chart
• Line chart
• Pie chart
• Map chart
• Scatter or point chart LINE CHART

BAR CHART

PIE CHART SCATTER OR POINT CHART

MAP CHART
 Mea
n
The mean is also known as calculated by adding up all
the values in a data set and dividing by the total number
of values.
Mean of ungrouped data
Mean of group data
 Medi
Median ungroup data
Odd Data
an
The median is the middle value of a data set, which separates the highest and lowest tovalues equally.

Even Data
Median group data

Where,
lower limit of median class
cumulative frequency of the class preceding the median class
total number of observations
frequency of the median class
class size
 Mo
de
The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set.
Mode of Ungroup data
For Ungroup data, we just need to identify the observation which occurs maximum
times.
Mode of Group data
 Quartile
A quartile is a value that divides the data into 4 parts with
the same size or size that divides the data into 4 equal
parts.

These values, denoted by

 Quartile
In the method of determining quartiles, it is divided into 2 types of methods, including the following:

• Single data quartile

• Group data quartiles

Where ,
: Many / amount of data
: bottom edge
: class length
: frequency Q1
: cumulative frequency before Q1
: quartile to-i
: data value to -i

• INTERQUARTILE RANGE
The “Interquartile Range” is from Q1 to Q3.
To calculate it just subtract Quartile 1 from Quartile 3.
 Percenti
le
The values dividing the data into 100 equal parts.
In the method of determining percentiles, it is divided into 2 types of methods, including the following:
Single data percentile

Group data percentile

 

Where ,
: Many / amount of data
: bottom edge
: class length
: frequency P1
: cumulative frequency before P1
: persentile to-i
: data value to -i
 Desil
The values that divide the data into 10 equal parts.
In the method of determining deciles, it is divided into 2 types of methods, including the following:
Single data decile

 
Group data decile
 

Where,
: Many / amount of data
: bottom edge
: class length
: frequency D1
: cumulative frequency before D1
: desik to-i
: data value to -i
 RANGE

The range of a set of numbers is the difference between the

largest and smallest numbers in the set.

a. Range for single data

Range = largest value – smallest value.

b. Range for group data

Range = upper limit of the highest class – lower limit of the

lowest class.
 VARIANCE
The variance of a set of data is defined as the square of the standard
deviation. The usual variance is symbolized by (population variance) atau (sample
variance).
a. Variance for single data

b. Variance for group data

Where ,
: frequency
: amount of data
: the mean
 STANDARD DEVIATION
The standard deviation is the square root of the variance and indicates the standard deviation
of the data from the mean. The usual standard deviation is symbolized by atau .

a. Standard deviation for single data

 
b. Standard deviation for group data

Where,
: frequency
: amount of data
: the mean
 MEAN deviation
The mean deviation is the absolute value of the difference between each value ()
and the mean value () divided by the number of data (n).
In Mathematics it is denoted as the abbreviation SR or MD.
 Single Data Mean Deviation Formula
In single data, we can calculate it by dividing the difference between the data
values ​and the mean value of the data values:

Where,
SR = Mean Deviation
= data value to -i
= the mean value of grouped data
n = a lot of data
 MEAN deviation
 Group Data Mean Deviation Formula
In group data it can be calculated by dividing the total of multiplying the
difference between the mean and the median value by the frequency of the
total number of all data frequencies as follows:

Where,
SR = Mean Deviation
  = the frequency of the i-class data
 = the middle value of the i-class data
̄ = the mean value of grouped data
 W H AT IS QUESTIO
N ATO R I C ? N #2
CO M B I

Combinatorics is a stream of mathematics that concerns the

study of finite discrete structures. It deals with the study of
permutations and combinations, enumerations of the sets of
elements. It characterizes Mathematical relations and their
properties.
FACTO RI A L
Factorial is a function applied to natural numbers greater than zero..

Formula

Where –
• represents factorial
• number of sets

Example
Calculate the factorial of 5 i.e. 5!.
Solution:
Multiply all the whole numbers up to the number considered.
 PERMUTATION
A permutation is an arrangement of all or part of a set of
objects, with regard to the order of the arrangement.

Permutation is defined and given by the following function:

Where –
• number of the set form which elements are permuted.
• size of each permutation.
• are non negative integers.
 PERMUTATION WITH
REPLACEMENT
Permutation with replacement is defined and given by the
following function:

Where –
• number of items which can be selected.
• number of items which are selected.
• ordered list of items or permutations.
 PERMUTATION WITH
REPLACEMENT
Example: Electronic device usually require a personal code to
operate. This particular device uses 4-digit. Calculate how many
codes are possible.
Solution:
Each code is represented by r=4 permutation with replacement
of set of 10 digits {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
 CIRCULAR PERMUTATION
Circular permutation is the total number of ways in which n distinct
bjects can be arranged around a fix circle. It is two types.
• Case 1 – Clockwise and Anticlockwise orders are different.

• Case 2 – Clockwise and Anticlockeise prders are same.

Where –
• represents circular permutation
• number of objects
 COMBINATION
A combination is an arrangement of elements whose order does not
matter.

 The number of combinations of r elements taken from n elements is

written C(n,r) or or C = with r ≤ n.
 COMBINATION WITH
REPETITION
The combination with repetition of size r from n objects is taking a
selection of size r from a collection of n objects with order regardless and
repetition/return is allowed.

 The number of combinations with repetitions of size r from n objects is

,with r ≤ n.
 VOCAB
• Odd data = data ganjil
• Even data = data genap
• Class length = panjang kelas
• Cumulative frequency = the frequency of the data before the data in
question
• Bottom edge = tepi bawah
• Clockwise = searah jarum jam
• Anticlockwise = beralwanan arah jarum jam
 THAN
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