SHRI RAMSWAROOP MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY

LUCKNOW – DEVA ROAD, UTTAR PRADESH

 
INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE – V
(BAR6007)

TOPIC : MODERN ARCHITECTURE

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

AR.SHIKHA SINGH SACHIN KUMAR PATEL
B. ARCH II ST YEAR IIND SEM
 INTRODUCTION
Born Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto
3 February 1898
Kuortane, Grand Duchy of Finland, Russian
Empire
Died 11 May 1976 (aged 78)
Helsinki, Finland
Nationality Finnish

Alma mater Helsinki University of Technology

Occupation Architect

Awards Prince Eugen Medal (1954)

RIBA Gold Medal (1957)
AIA Gold Medal (1963)
Buildings Paimio Sanatorium
Säynätsalo Town Hall
Viipuri Library
Villa Mairea
Baker House
Finlandia Hall
 HISTORY
  Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto was born in Kuortane, Finland.[6]
 His father, Johan Henrik Aalto, was a Finnish-speaking land-surveyor and his
mother, Selly Matilda was a Swedish-speaking postmistress.
 When Aalto was 5 years old, the family moved toAlajärvi, and from there to
Jyväskylä in Central Finland. Aalto studied at the Jyväskylä Lyceum school,
completing his basic education in 1916.
 In 1916 he then enrolled to study architecture at the Helsinki University of
Technology. His studies were interrupted by the Finnish Civil War, which he fought
in.
 He built his first piece of architecture while still a student, a house for his parents,
at Alajärvi.[8]
 Afterwards, he continued his education, graduating in 1921. 
 CAREER
 Aalto's career spans the changes in style from (Nordic
Classicism) to purist International Style Modernism to a
more personal, synthetic and idiosyncratic Modernism.
 Aalto's wide field of design activity ranges from the
large scale of city planning and architecture to interior
design, furniture and glassware design and painting
 It has been estimated that during his entire career Aalto
designed over 500 individual buildings, approximately
300 of which were built, the vast majority of which are
in Finland
 He also has a few buildings in France, Germany, Italy
and the USA.
 PHILOSOPHY
 The beauty of his work is hidden in his design approach
of Functionalism but with a strong connection to the
organic relationship between man, nature and buildings.
 He coordinated these three components and created a
synthesis of life in materialized form.
 He designed in very different scales – ranging from
buildings, town plans, furniture, glassware, jewellery
and other forms of art.
 His design philosophy was influenced by nature and
organic materials, unlike other furniture of the same
period with materials as tubular steel, which were quite
modern at the time.
 With his innovative designs and natural forms he
changed the course of design towards organic
Modernism 
WORKS OF ALVAR AALOT
 BAKERS HOUSE
(1947-48)
 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE:Modernist housing
 Baker house is a dormatory for the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology,designed in 1946. •
 Aalto was assisted by three finish architects –veli paatela
with his wife kaija and olav hammarstrom ,in addition to
Aino. •
 It was named baker house in 1950 after Everett moore
BAKER , MIT’s dean of students, who was killed in
plane crash that year. BAKERS HOUSE (1947-48)
"The site is located on a heavily-trafficked street along the Charles River. In order to
avoid as much as possible the disturbing view out onto this street, a curving plan
form was chosen. By this means, no room was oriented at right angles to the street
and its traffic. An attempt to make use of this phenomenon was made with the form
of the building: the windows face diagonally to the passing automobiles and thus
afford a quieter environment for the person within the room. The stairway system is
housed in a paneled structure rising up the north side of the building which allows
an unobstructed view along its entire length from the lowest landing."
 FEATURES
 The stairway system is housed in a paneled structure
rising up the north side of the building which allows an
unobstructed view along its entire length from the lowest
landing." •
 The free fom of rooms were built with ‘rustic’ bricks-
indeed he went to find the dark red reject bricks that were
rough textured and included clinkers-but clad the
orthogonal main common room in limestone
 FEATURES
  The sets of rooms can be seen as an illustration of
what aalto might mean by ‘flexible standardisation’.
•
 Each cell is essentially identical, but because of the
shaped curve on plan 22 different room shapes are
created on a typical floor of 43 rooms. •
 The ground floor social area was ‘ORGANIC’,and
related to the landscape in both geometry and use of
materials. •
 The lower floor is lit by virpuri like rooflights while
the upper level has nearly contionous views towards
the river •
 Columns on the ground floor are simple plastered
cylinder but on the upper level their connection with
the trees beyond is emphasised by a splayed shape
and timber cladding.
 VILLA MAIREA (1924)
 ARCHITECTURAL SYLE: Modernism
FEATURES: EXTERIOR
 The courtyard of the villa was inspired by the
organization of vernacular farmstead.
 The massing was inspired by the falling waters
by Frank Lloyd Wright. 
Teak clad living room projects forward to
create shallow balconies that lead on to the
principle bedroom above
Also design elements such as the pool and the
rubble masonry wall add to the aesthetic.

 Bedroom windows project out at an

angle to address the line of approach
to the house through the forest. • The
main entrance to the – the door is
approached under a two level canopy
supported by compound timber
column and screened by miniature
forest of poles.