3.

PERSONALITY
AND SELF CONCEPT
SIGMUND FREUD’S PSYCHOANALYSIS THEORY OF PERSONALITY
Presented by:
PDPP TESL2
 Self concept
• Definition 1: Self-concept is generally thought of as our individual
perceptions of our behavior, abilities, and unique characteristics—a mental
picture of who you are as a person (Bailey, J)

• Definition 2: self-concept is a collection of beliefs one holds about oneself

and the responses of others. It embodies the answer to the question "Who
am I?“ (Crisp & Turner, 2010)

• According to Carl Rogers, self-

concept has three components: self-
image, self-esteem, and the ideal
self.
Personality
• Definition 1: Personality is broadly described as the characteristic patterns
of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique.

• Definition 2: An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and

acting.

• Personal identity includes the traits and other characteristics that make
each person unique. Social identity refers to how we identify with a
collective, such as a community, religion, or political movement.
Personality Theories Based On Perspectives
 Trait Perspective (Gordon Allport, The Big 5)

 Behavioral Perspective (B. F. Skinner, John B. Watson)

 Humanistic Perspective (Abraham Maslow and Carl Roger)

 Social Cognitive Perspective (Albert Bandura)

 Phychoanalytical Perspective (Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung)

Who is Sigmund Freud?
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist
and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical
method for treating psychopathology through
dialogue between a patient and a
psychoanalyst.

Sigmund Freud was the founder of

psychoanalysis and the psychodynamic
approach to psychology. Some other
important Freudian theories include his
concepts of life and death instincts, the
theory of psychosexual development, and the
mechanisms of defense.
Frued’s Psychoanalysis Theory
 Freud believed that the mind is responsible for both conscious and unconscious decisions that it
makes on the basis of psychological drives. The id, ego, and super-ego are three aspects of the
mind Freud believed to comprise a person's personality.
3 Interacting Systems :

Conflict within the mind: According to Freud, the job of the ego is to balance the
aggressive/pleasure-seeking drives of the id with the moral control of the superego.
• Id: strives to satisfy basic drives to survive,
reproduce and aggress. It seeks immediate
gratification. It is based on the pleasure
principle, the Id gets whatever feels good at
the moment. The Id cares only about its own
satisfaction. 

• Ego: seeks to gratify the Id's impulses in a realistic way that will bring long time pleasure.
The ego contains our partly conscious perceptions, thought, judgements, and memories. It
is the reality principle. The ego understands that others have needs and desires as well. 

• Superego: represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement and for
future aspiration. It is the moral part of us and develops from the moral and ethical
restraints placed on us from our parents, or guardians.
Freud’s psychosexual stages
 According to Freud’s psychoanalytic
theory, personality develops through a
series of stages, each characterized by
a certain internal psychological
conflict.

 Freud proposed that psychological

development in childhood takes place
during five psychosexual stages: oral,
anal, phallic, latency, and genital.
These are called psychosexual stages
because each stage represents the
fixation of libido (roughly translated as
sexual drives or instincts) on a
different area of the body.
• Oral Stage (Birth to 18 months): During
this stage the child is focused on oral
pleasure such as sucking.

• Anal Stage (18 months to three years):

The focus of please in this stage is
eliminating and retaining feces.

• Phallic Stage (age three to six): The

pleasure zone in this stage switches to the
genitals.
• Latency Stage (age six to puberty):
During this stage is when sexual urges
remain repressed and children play and
interact mostly with the same sex peers.

• Genital Stage (puberty on): The final

stage begins at the start of puberty when
sexual urges are again awakened.
 The implication of Freud’s Theory
 Psychoanalysis helps people understand themselves by
exploring desires and impulses that are often hidden in their
unconscious.
 Parents and teachers need to ‘strike the iron while it’s hot’.
 Freudian theory may give classroom teachers insight into the
importance of unconscious feelings and drives that motivate
some students’ behavior.
For more details: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V73hdaSTzWg
References:
1.Bailey, J. Self-image, self-concept, and self-identity revisited. J Natl
Med Assoc. 200;95(5):383-86.
2. Crisp RJ and Turner RN. (2010) Essential Social Psychology. London:
Sage Publications.

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