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ECS 202301 Lecture 4 1
ECS 202301 Lecture 4 1
SKILLS
Lecture 4:
PUBLIC
SPEAKING (Part 2)
Updated 202205
Topics to be covered today:-
Form /Organisation of a speech
Speech Outline
Examples:
“The purpose of my speech is to inform you of the importance
Transitions
Main Points
• Can be organised according to seven (7) different
ways/patterns known as “Organisational Patterns”
Organisational Patterns
1. Topical pattern
2. Problem-Solution pattern
3. Chronological pattern
4. Spatial pattern
5. Causal pattern
6. Pro-Con pattern
7. Mnemonic / Gimmick pattern
1. Topical pattern
• Used when you have several points to present, and you
divide the points into subtopics, each becoming a main
point in the speech.
Examples:
1. Topic : Festivals
i. Chinese New Year
ii. Hari Raya Aidilfitri
iii. Deepavali
2. Topic : Pollution
i. Air Pollution
ii. Water Pollution
iii. Noise Pollution
• Useful for speeches to inform.
2. Problem-Solution pattern
• Used when you divide your speech into two (2) main parts –
first part talks about the existence of a problem and the
second part provides solutions how to overcome the
problem.
Examples:
1. Topic : Obesity
• Obesity (problem)
• Monitoring food intake (solution)
• Exercising regularly (solution)
Example:
Topic : Movement Control Order (MCO)
i. 18th March 2020 – Movement Control Order (MCO)
ii. 4th May 2020 – Conditional Movement Control Order (CMCO)
iii. 10th June 2020 – Recovery Movement Control Order (RMCO)
• Also used when your main points are explaining a
process or demonstrating how to do something.
Example:
Topic : How to bake a chocolate cake
i. Firstly, ….
ii. Secondly, ….
iii. Finally, …
Examples:
1. Topic : Economic Downturn
• Economic downturn (cause)
• Poverty (effect)
• Retrenchment of workers (effect)
2. Topic : Poor Leadership of Country
• Poor leadership (cause)
• Rioting / demonstrations (effect)
• Migration (effect)
1. Objects
Actual/real item
3-D model
Eg. a house (small-scale), molecules (large-scale) or
dummy for CPR (life-size)
2. Graphics
pictures: photos, drawings, etc.
diagrams: showing parts of an object / steps in a
process
graphs: line, bar & pie chart
charts
maps
3. Electronic Aids
Power Point slides
video clips
audio clips
4. Handouts
copies of any notes /brochures /flyers /booklets/
pamphlets handed out to the audience
when the information cannot be effectively
displayed or the audience needs to study or refer to
it after the speech
Importance of using Visual Aid
Updated 202205