MA111: CALCULUS I & LINEAR

ALGEBRA

Week 2 : Lecture 3

1
Properties of Matrix Operations

2
 Properties of matrix Multiplication

If A, B, and C are matrices (with sizes such that the matrix

products are defined), and c is a scalar, then the following
properties are true:
1) A( BC)  ( AB)C associative property of multiplication
2) A(B+C)=AB+AC distributive property
3) ( A  B)C  AC  BC distributive property
3) c( AB)  (cA) B  A(cB)

3
Exercise:
Find the matrix product
(1) ( AB )C
(2) A( BC )
where
 1 0 
 1 2  1 0 2   3 1
A  , B  , C   
 2 1  3 2 1   2 4 

Solution
17 4 
1) and 2)  
13 14 
4
Idendity Matrix
Example:
1 0 0 
1 0   
I2    I 3  0 1 0
0 1   0 0 1 

5
 Generally…….

 If A is a matrix of order m x n , then the

following properties are true.
1 A In = A
2 Im A = A

Question: So when do we get :

A In = Im A = A

6
 Recall….

• For real numbers:

1. a.c  a.b, a  0 then b  c
2. If a.d  0 then either a  0 or d  0
or both equal 0

Matrices do NOT obey these rules.

7
 Example
1 5 3 4
 3 1 2 
 4 1 2 7  1
A  ,B    , and C  
 3 1 1 5   2 4   2 3 
   
 2 3  1 3
i) Compute D = B - C
ii) Verify : AB = AC but note that B is not equal to C.

iii) Verify : AD = 0 even though neither A nor D are zero matrices.

8
D=B-C
 1 5   3 4   1 3 5  4   2 1 
 3 1  2 1   3  2 1  1   1 2 
      
 2 4   2 3   2  2 4  3   0 1 
       
 2 3  1 3  2  1 3  3  1 0 
Verify: AB = AC  but note that B is not equal to C.
1 5
4 1 2 7  3 1
     25 10 
AB      
 3 1  1 5   2 4  18  5 
 
 2 3 

9
 3 4
 
 4 1 2 7   2 1   25 10 
AC      
 3 1 1 5   2 3  18 5 
 
 1 3
Verify:AD = 0 even though neither A  nor D are zero
matrices.
 2 1 
4 1  2 7  1 2  0 0
    
 3 1 1 5   0 1   0 0 
   
 
1 0
10
Exercise
Let
1 2 3   1 3  2 0 
A=  , B=  , and C =  
0 1 1  1 2   0 1
Compute the following:
(i) B(CA) (ii) 3B - 2C

11
Answer:
 2 7 3  7 9
(i)   ii)  
2 2 8  3 8 

12
 Matrix Transpose

Transpose of a matrix is obtained by

interchanging its rows and columns.

a b  Ta c 
A  A  
 c d   b d 

13
 Properties of Transposes

A 
T T
1) A
T
2)  A +B   AT  BT
T T
3)  cA   c  A 
T
4)  AB   BT AT

14
Example: Let
 3 0 
 1 1 2 
A=  and B =  1 2 
2 0 1  1 1
Find:
T T T
i) A ii) B A

15
  1 2 
i) AT 
  1 0 
 2 1 
 1 2 
T T  3 1 1     2 5
ii) B A     1 0    
 0 2 1   4 1
 2 1 

16
Exercise:
Let
1 2 3   1 3  2 0 
A=   , B  , and C =  
0 1 1  1 2   0 1
Compute the following:
i) B T
ii) C T T T
iii) B  C iv)  B  C
T T T

v)  B  C T

T T
A

17
Answer:
T 1 1
i) B   
 3 2 
T  2 0 
ii ) C   
 0  1
T T  1 1
ii ) B  C   
 3 1 
 1 3 
iv)  B  C   
T T T

  1 1 
 1 1 6 
v)  B  C
T

T T
A  
 1 1 4 
18
Exercise:
Consider the matrices
1 2 
1 2  3 4  , 1 1 3
A=   , B    and C=  
 0 1  2 1 2 
5 8 
Compute the following:
i) ABT
 AB 
T
ii)
iii) B-3CT

19
Answer:
 5 11 21
i)  
2 4 8 
ii) Undefined
 2 4 

iii)  0 1  
 4 2 

20