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  • Edited Part2 CENTRAL DOGMA OF GENETICS

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    Syx Camero
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    The central dogma describes the process by which DNA is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into protein. Transcription involves DNA being used as a template to make mRNA, which then attaches to ribosomes. Translation is the decoding of mRNA into protein using transfer RNA to carry amino acids to the ribosome, where three nucleotide codons in the mRNA are read to determine the sequence of amino acids in the synthesized protein.

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    The central dogma describes the process by which DNA is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into protein. Transcription involves DNA being used as a template to make mRNA, which then attaches to ribosomes. Translation is the decoding of mRNA into protein using transfer RNA to carry amino acids to the ribosome, where three nucleotide codons in the mRNA are read to determine the sequence of amino acids in the synthesized protein.

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    10 views19 pages

    Edited Part2 CENTRAL DOGMA OF GENETICS

    Uploaded by

    Syx Camero
    The central dogma describes the process by which DNA is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into protein. Transcription involves DNA being used as a template to make mRNA, which then attaches to ribosomes. Translation is the decoding of mRNA into protein using transfer RNA to carry amino acids to the ribosome, where three nucleotide codons in the mRNA are read to determine the sequence of amino acids in the synthesized protein.

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    of 19

    CENTRAL DOGMA

    Transcription

    Replication Translation
    PROTEIN
    SYNTHESIS

    process of making proteins

    PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
    PROTEIN
    SYNTHESIS

    Proteins make up all living


    materials

    PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
    hair and muscles
    blood
    nails

    brain and antibodies enzymes cellular


    nerves messengers and
    construction
    workers
    PROTEIN
    SYNTHESIS

    Types of RNA

    mRNA

    messenger RNA
    copies DNA’s code & carries
    the genetic information to the
    ribosomes
    PROTEIN
    SYNTHESIS

    Types of RNA

    tRNA

    transfer RNA
    transfers amino acids to the
    ribosomes where proteins are
    synthesized
    PROTEIN
    SYNTHESIS

    Types of RNA

    rRNA

    ribosomal RNA
    along with protein, makes up
    the ribosomes
    PROTEIN
    SYNTHESIS

    TRANSCRIPTION

    Part of DNA temporarily


    unzips and is used as a
    template to assemble
    complementary nucleotides
    into messenger RNA (mRNA).

    mRNA then goes through the


    nuclear pores of the nucleus
    with the DNA code and attaches
    to the ribosome.
    PROTEIN
    SYNTHESIS

    TRANSLATION

    Decoding of mRNA into a amino acid


    protein
    amino acid

    WHER
    ribosome
    E? tRNA

    Transfer RNA (tRNA)


    carries amino acids from the
    cytoplasm to the ribosome.
    PROTEIN
    SYNTHESIS

    TRANSLATION

    Decoding of mRNA into a


    protein

    WHER
    ribosome
    E?
    Transfer RNA (tRNA)
    carries amino acids from the
    cytoplasm to the ribosome.
    PROTEIN
    SYNTHESIS

    TRANSLATION

    STEP 1: Initiation
    - locating the start
    codon
    *Codo
    n
    a series of three
    adjacent bases in
    an mRNA
    molecule that
    codes for a specific
    amino acid
    PROTEIN
    SYNTHESIS

    TRANSLATION

    STEP 1: Initiation
    - locating the start
    codon
    PROTEIN
    SYNTHESIS

    TRANSLATION

    STEP 2: Elongation
    -reading the codons
    and synthesizing
    protein
    PROTEIN
    SYNTHESIS

    TRANSLATION

    STEP 2: Elongation
    -reading the codons
    and synthesizing
    protein
    PROTEIN
    SYNTHESIS

    TRANSLATION

    STEP 3: Termination
    - recognizing stop
    codon and releasing
    protein
    PROTEIN
    SYNTHESIS

    TRANSLATION

    STEP 3: Termination
    - recognizing stop
    codon and releasing
    protein
    PROTEIN
    SYNTHESIS

    Codon Chart

    A codon designates an amino acid

    3 nucleotides = 1 codon
    1 codon = 1 amino acid
    PROTEIN
    SYNTHESIS

    Codon Chart

    An amino acid may have more than one


    codon

    There are 20 amino acids, but 64 possible


    codons
    PROTEIN
    SYNTHESIS

    Codon Chart
    A start codon (AUG) tells the ribosome to
    start translating. It is also known as
    methionine.

    Some codons tell the ribosome to stop


    translating (UAA, UAG, UGA)
    PROTEIN
    SYNTHESIS

    LET’S TRY!

    DNA template
    TACGAAAGCGCGATAGCGGC
    transcribe
    GACT
    mRNA codon
    AUG/CUU/UCG/CGC/UAU/CGC/
    CGC/UGA
    tRNA anticodon
    UAC/GAA/AGC/GCG/AUA/
    translate GCG/GCG/ACU
    Methionine/Leucine/Serine/Arginine/Tyrosine/ Arginine/ Arginine/
    amino acids Stop
    Start/Leucine/Serine/Arginine/Tyrosine/ Arginine/ Arginine/ Stop

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