Research Design

in
Qualitative Research
 Four (4) Types Research Design

1. Case Study
2. Phenomenological Study
3. Ethnography
4. Grounded Theory
 Case Study
It is a research approach in a qualitative method that is
used to generate or determine an in-depth understanding
of an issue in its real-life context. It can be an
investigation of a single person, group, event or the
community (Kothari 2004).
 Case Study
In carrying out a case study, this objectively
describes a situation of an individual, group, and
organization. The term situation refers to a “case.” It
also identifies the critical issues of the case. It can
be about a particular experience, practices or event
that influenced them.
 Example

A Case Study on Student-Teacher

Relationship and Its Effect on Student
Learning

The experience is about relationships. Further, the point is a student-teacher

relationship, and the case is a problem in students' learning.
 Phenomenological Study or Phenomenology

It is a research approach in a qualitative method that is

used to generate or determine an in-depth understanding
of an issue in its real-life context. It can be an
investigation of a single person, group, event or the
community (Kothari 2004). Thus, this is to describe and
understand the phenomenon of the participants’ lived
experience.
Example

The Die is Cast: Lived Experience of the

Novice Teachers in Handling Verbal
Bullying in a Middle School
 Ethnography
It searches the relation of people to their environment.
It can also be a detailed description of the culture of a
community. It aims to identify and analyze to uncover
the attitudes and emotions of a specific group of
individuals (Ellis and Bochner 1996). This research is
done through direct observation of the participant/s in
their natural environment.
Four (4) Elements of Ethnographic Research

1. Interest in cultures and meaning-making. The

researcher is motivated to look into the culture
and makes meaning the observable
manifestations.
Example

You are conducting a research about the farmer’s

harvest festivity. Thus, it is part of your research to
identify the meaning of such practice to their own
lives.
Four (4) Elements of Ethnographic Research

2. Looking at culture from different

perspectives. The researcher looks at
different angle of the culture.
Example

You are exploring on the culture of the Ilocanos

working at Freeport Area of Bataan. As a researcher,
you need to look at it in economic, social, spiritual,
and behavioral perspective to determine what you
wanted to know about them.
Four (4) Elements of Ethnographic Research

3. Paying attention to the language practices.

The researcher is keen on the word usage
and its meaning.
Example

You are conducting a research about the parental care of the

chieftain of different indigenous communities in Bataan. To
understand the meaning of their culture, you need to carefully
pay attention on what they are going to say and do. Every words
and context of these words to comprehend the idea they wanted
to present.
Four (4) Elements of Ethnographic Research

4. Collecting first-hand experience. The

researcher personally experiences the
culture of the participant/s.
Example

You are conducting a research about the farmers

of Bataan. To get essential data for the study, you
need to live or personally experience their lives as
a farmer.
 Grounded Theory
This research design involves the construction of
theory through gathering and analyzing data
(Breuer 2009). It sets to discover or construct a
theory form the data that is systematically
gathered and analyzed using comparative analysis.
Example

A Grounded Theory on Decision Making Process

of the Young Leaders
Lesson Plan
Requirements For Class Learning
Outcomes
Learning Activity
Homework
See you next lesson!
Year 7 English