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Lesson 2: Punctuation Marks: Carlo G. Pamintuan, LPT
Lesson 2: Punctuation Marks: Carlo G. Pamintuan, LPT
Lesson 2: Punctuation Marks: Carlo G. Pamintuan, LPT
PUNCTUATION MARKS
Carlo G. Pamintuan, LPT
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PUNCTUATION MARKS
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Uses of Common
Punctuation Marks
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1. PERIOD
a. End of a Setence
b. Abbreviations
c. Outlines
d. Numericals
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PERIOD (.)
a. End of a Sentence
The period is used to indicate the end of a sentence not
otherwise ended by a question mark, exclamation point, or
the period following an abbreviation.
Example:
○ As the car turned to corner, she let out a scream.
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PERIOD (.)
b. Abbreviations
The period is used to indicate an abbreviation, although it
is optional for some.
Examples:
○ Prof. for Professor
○ Dr. for Doctor
○ Hon. for Honorable
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PERIOD (.)
c. Outlines
In outlines, the period is used optionally after letters or
numbers designating sections and sub-sections.
Example:
1. Period
a. End of a Sentence
b. Abbreviations
c. Outlines
d. Numericals
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PERIOD (.)
d. Numericals
Period is used in a numerical form such as representing a
decimal point within a sentence.
Example: 12.5
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2. QUESTION MARK
a. Interrogative Sentences
b. Imperative Sentences
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QUESTION MARK (?)
Example:
○ Is it time to leave?
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QUESTION MARK (?)
b. In Imperative Sentences
In imperative sentences which make requests will take
either a question mark or a period.
Examples:
○ Will you please leave?
○ Will you please leave.
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3. EXCLAMATION POINT
a. Exclamatory Sentences
b. Interjections
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EXCLAMATION POINT (!)
Examples:
○ Will you please leave!
○ Move out of my way!
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EXCLAMATION POINT (!)
Examples: Hey!
Excellent!
Help!
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4. COMMA
A comma is customarily indicates
a brief of pause.
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COMMA (,)
Example:
○ Here’s one you are going to have to think about. Like
mother said, it’s for your own good.
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“
COMMA (,)
b. Elements in a Series
For the sake of clarity, words and clauses in a series need
to be separated.
Examples:
○ The dress comes in four colors: aqua, pink, orange, and
black.
○ He set out to streamline the office, trim the budget, and
increase the output.
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COMMA (,)
c. Independent Modifiers
Independent modifiers are those modifiers which are not
dependent on or directly associated with any other
modifiers; two or more which modify the same member
should be separated by a comma.
Example:
○ The long, black station wagon drove down the dusty
road.
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COMMA (,)
d. Comma in Quotations
Use a comma to separate a direct quotation from its source
unless it is superseded by other punctuation.
Examples:
○ She said, “I want to see the play.”
○ “I want to see the play,” she said.
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“
COMMA (,)
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COMMA (,)
Examples:
○ October 27, 2020 or 27 October, 2020
○ 143 Kundiman Street, Sampaloc, Manila
○ Los Angeles, California
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COMMA (,)
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COMMA (,)
h. Numbers
Commas are used to separate the thousands in large
numbers.
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777, 777, 777
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5. COLON
The colon is used to end a clause
introducing a list of items.
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COLON (:)
Example:
○ The Parts of Speech are as follows: Nouns, Pronouns,
Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunction,
and Interjections.
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COLON (:)
Example:
○ As you go through life, remember one thing: The most
humiliating criticism is indifference.
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COLON (:)
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COLON (:)
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6. SEMICOLON
The semicolon is used to join two
independent clauses with or
without a modifying connective.
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SEMICOLON (;)
Example:
○ Sharon has a managerial position; she enjoys the rights
and privileges which go with the responsibility.
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SEMICOLON (;)
b. In Place of a Comma
A list of phrases or clauses is best separated by semicolons,
particularly if the clauses are punctuated by commas.
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SEMICOLON (;)
b. In Place of a Comma
Example:
○ Among the things we packed for the trip was a small,
green tent; two sleeping bags; a selection of fresh and
freeze-dried foods; a lantern, with fuel for two nights;
an assortment of pots, pans, and eating utensils; and a
change of clothes.
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7. APOSTROPHE
a. Showing Possessions
b. Contractions
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APOSTROPHE (’)
a. Showing Possessions
The apostrophe is used with s to show the possessive form
of nouns which do not end in s.
Examples:
○ One man’s hat
○ This lawyer’s case
○ The dog’s bone
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APOSTROPHE (’)
Examples:
○ The scissors’ edge
○ Mr. Jones’ car
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“
APOSTROPHE (’)
Example:
○ Joan and Bob’s house is on the outskirts of the city.
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APOSTROPHE (’)
Example:
○ Joan’s and Bob’s houses are outside the city.
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APOSTROPHE (’)
e. Contractions
The apostrophe is used to indicate the position of missing
elements in contractions.
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8. QUOTATION MARKS
a. Direct Quotations
b. Punctuation within
Quotations
c. Titles
d. Extraneous Material in
Quotes
e. Single Quotation Marks
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QUOTATION MARKS (“ ”)
a. Direct Quotations
Only the exact words of the speaker or writer are enclosed
in quotation marks.
Examples:
○ She said, “I want to go, but only if we leave by dawn.”
○ “There is nothing to fear, but fear itself,” said
Roosevelt.
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QUOTATION MARKS (“ ”)
Examples:
○ John said, “The report is due this week.”
○ “The report is due this week,” said John.
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“
QUOTATION MARKS (“ ”)
Examples:
○ “When do you need to leave?” he asked.
○ Who said, “I think, therefore I am”?
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QUOTATION MARKS (“ ”)
c. Titles
Titles of short works such as magazine articles, essays,
songs, poems, paintings, and sculptures are set off by
quotation marks. The rule of thumb is that anything long
enough to appear in book form including plays, opera,
collection of arts, etc. are underlined or printed in italics.
All other titles are set off by quotation marks.
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QUOTATION MARKS (“ ”)
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QUOTATION MARKS (“ ”)
Example:
○ “I think she said, ‘be ready by noon,’” Tom reported.
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9. HYPHEN
The hyphen is used to join the
parts of certain compound words.
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HYPHEN (-)
Examples: mother-in-law
Pre-Orientation
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HYPHEN (-)
Examples: cock-of-the-walk
holier-than-thou
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HYPHEN (-)
c. The Dash
A dash indicates a break in the flow of a sentence, usually
to insert a parenthetical remark or for emphasis.
Example:
○ When I passed the house – the one at the end of block –
it was empty.
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10. PARENTHESES ( )
and BRACKETS [ ]
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PARENTHESES ( )
Example:
○ We will set out on December 12 (Susan’s birthday) to
tour the area.
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PARENTHESES ( )
Example:
○ The admission price is eight thousand pesos (P8, 000.00) for advance
reservations and ten thousand pesos (P10, 000.00) the day of the
show.
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PARENTHESES ( )
Example:
○ Our goal is to see that you (a) understand the proper use
of English and (b) use your knowledge to communicate
effectively in the language.
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BRACKETS [ ]
Example:
○ He said that they [the Jones family] have only lived in
this area for six months.
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11. INTERROBANG
A non-standard punctuation mark
indicating a question expressed in
an exclamatory manner.
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INTERROBANG (?!)
Examples:
○ She did what?!
○ What are you doing?!
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REFERENCES:
◉ AZ Quotes. Punctuation marks are the traffic signals of language: they tell
us to slow down, notice this, take a detour, and stop. Retrieved from https://
www.azquotes.com/quote/719322
◉ CAS English Faculty Members. Purposive Communication 101 Module –
College of Arts and Sciences (CAS).
◉ Google. Interrobang. Retrieved from https://
www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=GrmWX7n9BJSDoAT8wpWYCA
&q=interrobang&oq=interrobang&gs
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Thanks!
Any questions ?
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