End-Term Math Review

Agenda
1. Review:
• Integers
• Factors, multiples and prime numbers
• Fractions, decimals and percentages
• Ratios
• Percentage change
• Units of conversions
• Powers and roots
Integers
 Integers
Integers are a set of whole numbers including positive
numbers, negative numbers and zero.

• Numbers below zero (left of 0) are called ___________.

negatives
• Numbers above zero (right of 0) are called ___________.
positives

What is the What is absolute What is the

- 35
opposite of 35? 17
value of -17? - 95
opposite of 95?
 Integers
Select the integers

- 35/3 17 95
35.86 17.5 - 95
35 17,000 - 95.99
Integers are whole numbers and their opposites
 Integer Rules: + and -
• If the signs are the same, the answer has the _____
same sign.
+ + + = ?+ - + - = ?-
• If the signs are different, the answer will take the sign of the
_____
larger number.

+ + - = ?- - + + = ?+
• When subtracting integers, change the subtraction to an
________
addition and change the second number to it's _________.
opposite
Now you can use the addition rules!
 Integer Rules: x and ÷
• If the signs are the same answer will be ________.
positive
• If the signs are different the answer will be ________.
negative
Multiplication Division
+ × + = ?+ + ÷ + = ?+
- × + = ?- - ÷ + = ?-
+ × - = ?- + ÷ - = ?-
- × - = ?+ - ÷ - = ?+
 Integer Rules
1) Solve: -56 - (-9) = -47

2) Solve: -8 - (-36) = 28

3) The sum of negative three and negative five is

____________- 8.

4) Solve: 29 + (-7) = 22

5) Solve: -9 x (-8) = 72
Multiples, Factors and Prime Numbers
 Lowest Common Multiples (LCM)
smallest
The LCM (lowest common multiple) is the ________
shared
multiple that is _______.
What are the What are the
Multiples of 3: Multiples of 4: What
LCMisofthe
3&LCM
4:
first 5 multiples first 5 multiples
3, 6, 9, 12, 15 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 of 3 and
12 4?
of 3? of 4?
6) Find the LCM of 8 and 12.
8, 16, 24, 32, 40...
Multiples of 8: __________________
12, 24, 36, 48, 60...
Multiples of 12: __________________
24
LCM = ____
 Lowest Common Multiples (LCM)
7) Find the Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) of 3 and 8
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24...
Multiples of 3: ______________________
8, 16, 24, 32, 40...
Multiples of 8: __________________
24
LCM = ____
8) Find the Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) of 7 and 8
7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56...
Multiples of 7: _________________________
8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64...
Multiples of 8: _________________________
56
LCM = ____
 Highest Common Factors (HCF)
largest
The HCF (highest common factor) is the ________
factor that is _________.
shared

Factors
What areofthe
8 Factors
What areofthe
12 What is 8the
HCF of andHCF
12:
1, 2, 4, 8?
factors 8 1, 2, 3, 4,
factors of6,12?
12 4 12?
of 8 and

9) Find the HCF of 24 and 36.

1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
Factors of 24: ____________________
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
Factors of 36: _______________________
12
HCF = ____
 Highest Common Factor (HCF)
10) Find the Highest Common Factor (HCF) of 60 & 15.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 60
Factors of 60: _______________________________
1, 3, 5, 15
Factors of 15: ______________________
15
HCF = ____
11) Find the Highest Common Factor (HCF) of 50 & 30.
1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50
Factors of 50: _________________________
1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30
Factors of 30: _________________________
10
HCF = ____
 Prime Numbers
Prime numbers are any number that is greater than 1
one and _____.
and has only 2 factors - ____ itself
- List the first 9 prime numbers:_______________________
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23
- Prime factors are prime numbers that ______divide a number.
- Use a _________
factor tree to find the prime factors of a number.
Find the prime factors:
x 5 x125
5x5
2 x30
3x5
x
 Prime Numbers
Which of the following numbers are NOT a
prime number?

13 17 15
9 23 14
8 7 91
Fractions
 Fractions
Fractions are numbers that represent a part of the whole.

• A class has 30 students. 18 are girls. Write as a fraction:

18 3
÷ 6 The number on the top is the numerator
=
_________.
30 ÷ 6 The number
5 on the bottom is the
denominator
___________.
divide the numerator and
• To simplify the fraction, ______
denominator by the HCF.
 Fraction Rules: + and -
To add or subtract fractions:
• Add/subtract the __________
numerators and keep the
denominators the _____.
same
• If the denominators are different, you will need to
find a ________
common denominator FIRST.

5 2 3 1 1 2 5 8 13
- =6 = + = 20 + 20 = 20
6 6 2 4 5
Remember to multiply the numerator and
denominator by the same number!
 Fraction Rules: + and -
12) Solve your answer in its simplest form:

8 7 40 21 61
3
+ 5
= 15
+ 15
= 15
13) Solve your answer in its simplest form:

2 3 8 18 26 13
+ = + 24 = =
6 4 24 24 12
 Fraction Rules: x and ÷
• To multiply fractions, multiply the
3 1 3
numerators together and multiply x =
the denominators together. 4 5 20
• To divide, first __________
reciprocal the second fraction and
multiply Now you can
change the divide to ________.
multiply the fractions together!
Don't forget to
2 4 2 5 10 5 simplify your
÷ = x = = answer!
3 5 3 4 12 6
 Fraction Rules: x and ÷
14) Solve your answer in its simplest form:

6 7 42 7
9
x 8
= 72
= 12
15) Solve your answer in its simplest form:

2 3 6 13
6
x 4
= = 12
24
 Fraction Rules: x and ÷
16) Solve your answer in its simplest form:

2 5 2 3 6
3
÷ 3
= 3
x 5
=
15
17 Solve your answer in its simplest form:

3 7 3 4 12 3
4
÷ 4
= x = =
4 7 28 7
 Converting Fractions, Decimals
and Percentages
We can convert between fractions (1/2), decimals (0.5) and
percentages (50%) without changing the value.
• To convert a fraction to decimal, ______
divide the numerator
by denominator.
• To convert a decimal to a percentage, _______
multiply by 100.
• To convert a percentage to a decimal, _______
divide by 100.
Convert the following numbers:
to percentage: to decimal: to decimal:
35% 1.25 0.4
0.35 125% 2/5
18) What is 0.80 as a fraction in its simplest form?

0.80 8 4
1
= =
10 5

19) What is 0.65 as a fraction in its simplest form?

0.65 65 13
1
= =
100 25
20) A shop sells 65 markers. Five of them are red.
What percentage are not red?

65 - 5 = 60 60
= 0.92 = 92%
65
21) A shop sells 45 donuts. ten of them are chocolate
flavored. What percentage are not chocolate
flavored? 35
45 - 10 = 35
= 0.78 = 78%
45
22) If 70% of the students are boys, then what
fraction of students are girls?

100% - 70% = 30% = 0.3 0.3 3

1
=
10

23) If 42% of the students are boys, then what

fraction of students are girls?

100% - 42% = 58% = 0.58 0.58 58 29

1
= =
100 50
24) Convert 3/7 into a decimal.
Round to two decimal places.

3 ÷ 7 = 0.4285 = 0.43

25) Convert 5/6 into a decimal.

Round to two decimal places.

5 ÷ 6 = 0.8333 = 0.83
26) What is 0.65 as a percentage?

0.65 x 100 = 65 = 65%

27) What is 0.23 as a percentage?

0.23 x 100 = 23 = 23%

Ratios
 Ratios
A ratio compares the sizes of parts or quantities to
each other.
What is the ratio of red to yellow
to blue?
red : yellow : blue
Simplify using 12 : 4 : 8
the HCF of all
3 : 1 : 2
the numbers.
• To find the total parts of a ratio, ____
add all the parts
together.
 Ratios
28) In a pet shop, the ratio of fish to hamsters is 25:95.
What is the simplified ratio?
HCF of 25 and 95 is 5 25:95 = 5:19

29) Which two numbers have a sum of 500 and their

ratio is 1:4?
1+4=5 500/5 = 100 100 x 1 = 100 100, 400
100 x 4 = 400
 Ratios
30) Paul is 100 years old and Sam is 75 years old. The
ratio of Paul to Sam’s age is:
HCF of 100 and 75 is 25 100:75 = 4:3

31) John and Mary have 500 candies. They divide them
into the ratio 3:2, respectively. How many candies does
Mary have?

3+2=5 500/5 = 100 100 x 2 = 200 candies

 Ratios
32) A roller coaster can seat 100 people and the ride
takes 15 minutes.

i. How many minutes are in 3 hours?

ii. How many people can ride the roller coaster in 3
hours?
100 people in 15 minutes
3 x 60 = 180 minutes
1,200 people in 180 minutes
Percentage Changes
 Percentage Change
To find a percentage, ______
divide by 100 to get 1%, then
multiply by the percentage you want to find.
For percentage change new - original
x 100
use the formula: original
Use the formula to find the percentage change:
$50 to $90 12 to 9
90 - 50 9 - 12
x 100 = 80% x 100 = -25%
50 12
 Percentage Change
33) The price of a toy decreased from $220 to $80.
What is the percentage change?
80 - 220
220
x 100 = -63%
34) The price of a game increased from $120 to $150.
What is the percentage change?
150 - 120
120
x 100 = 25%
Conversions
 Units and Conversions
Units are used to measure things like length, weight, area
and volume. Metric units are all multiples of 10.
• To convert metric units, move the _______
decimal point
and change the units.
• To go UP a unit, move the decimal to the ____.
right
• To go DOWN a unit, move the decimal to the ____.
left
Convert the units:

310cm
3.10m to cm 5000ml
5l to ml 0.3kg
300g to kg
Powers and Roots
 Powers
Index notation (powers) is a way to show repeated
multiplication of numbers.
• When __________
multiplying a number by itself many times,
simplify with powers (small number at the top right).
• #2 is called a _______
square and #3 is called a _____.
cube

Write the power and calculate the answer:

9 =x 981
29
5 = 125
53x 5 x 5
16x 2
22x4 2=x 2
 Roots
Roots are the opposite of powers. Work backwards to find
what number multiplied itself equals the number.
√ means ____________
square root - a number multiplied itself 2
times. cube root
∛means _________ - a number multiplied by itself 3 times.
Calculate the roots:

6
√36 11
√121 2
∛8

• To calculate an imperfect root you will need to ________.

estimate
 Powers & Roots

35) Solve 6³+7³+8³+9³+10³

216 + 343 + 512 + 729 + 1000 = 2,800

36) Solve 3
64 =4
End of Class