ARCHES OF THE FOOT

SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVE

 Arches of foot
 Factors maintaining it
 Anatomical basis of flat foot & Club foot
 Metatarsalgia
 Plantar fascitis
 ARCHES OF THE FOOT

 For propulsive force

 As shock absorber
 Distribute the body weight
 For protection of vessels & nerves
 ARCHES OF THE FOOT
Classification of Arches
Longitudinal arch:
Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse arch:
Anterior transverse arch
Posterior transverse arch
 Ends Pillars Summit Joints

Anterior – Heads of Anterior – Talus, Superior articular Talocalcaneonavi

1st, 2nd, 3rd Navicular, 3 surface of talus cular joint
Cuneiforms, first
Medial Posterior – Medial 3 metatarsals
longitudinal tubercle of calcaneum
arch Posterior-
Medial half of
calcaneum
Anterior- Heads of Anterior- Articular facet on Calcaneocuboid
4th & 5th metatarsal Cuboid, 4th & 5th superior surface joint
metatarsal of calcaneum
Lateral Posterior- Lateral
longitudinal tubercle of calcaneum Posterior-
arch Lateral half of
calcaneum
 Formation

Anterior Transverse
arch Heads of 5 metatarsal bones
(Complete)

Posterior Transverse 3 cuneiforms & Cuboid

arch (Incomplete)
 ARCHES OF THE FOOT
 Factors maintaining the Arches of the foot

Bony factor
Intersegmental ties- Ligaments / Muscles
Tie Beams or Bowstrings- connects of 2 ends
Slings- Summit (Tendons)
Suspension
Factors Medial Longitudinal Lateral Transverse Arch
arch longitudinal arch
Bony factor Posterior
transverse arch –
Tarsus , Metatarsus

Intersegmenta Spring ligament Short & Long Interrosseous

l ties plantar ligaments muscles

Tie beam/ Plantar aponeurosis & Plantar Adductor Hallucis

Bowstrings Muscles of first layer aponeurosis &
of sole Muscles of first
layer of sole
Factors Medial Lateral Transverse
Longitudinal arch longitudinal Arch
arch
Slings Tendons of Tibialis Peroneus longus Peroneus longus
posterior, Flexor & Peroneus & Tibialis
hallucis longus & brevis posterior
Flexor digitorum
longus

Suspension Tibialis anterior Peroneus longus

 ARCHES OF THE FOOT
 Applied aspects
Pes Planus – Flexible, Rigid
Club foot (Talipes equinovarus) – Inverted,
Plantarflexed, adducted
Talipes equinus
Talipes Calcaneus
Talipes varus
Talipes valgus
Claw toes- Hyperextension at MCP joint, Flexion at
Interphalangeal joint
Hammer toes- Weakness of lumbricals, interosseous
muscles
Hallux valgus – Lateral deviation of great toe with
Bunion