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  • Anatomy of Outer Ear

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    Flora orizah Oktaviani
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    The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna and ear canal leading to the eardrum. The middle ear contains the ossicles that transform sound vibrations into mechanical energy via lever action. The inner ear includes the cochlea, which contains hair cells that convert sound into neural signals sensitive to different frequencies along the basilar membrane. Sound is conducted through the ear, transformed at each stage, and ultimately transmitted as electrical signals to the brain.

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    The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna and ear canal leading to the eardrum. The middle ear contains the ossicles that transform sound vibrations into mechanical energy via lever action. The inner ear includes the cochlea, which contains hair cells that convert sound into neural signals sensitive to different frequencies along the basilar membrane. Sound is conducted through the ear, transformed at each stage, and ultimately transmitted as electrical signals to the brain.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    11 views28 pages

    Anatomy of Outer Ear

    Uploaded by

    Flora orizah Oktaviani
    The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna and ear canal leading to the eardrum. The middle ear contains the ossicles that transform sound vibrations into mechanical energy via lever action. The inner ear includes the cochlea, which contains hair cells that convert sound into neural signals sensitive to different frequencies along the basilar membrane. Sound is conducted through the ear, transformed at each stage, and ultimately transmitted as electrical signals to the brain.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    Anatomy of Outer Ear

    Pinna/Auricle
    External Auditory
    Meatus (Ear Canal):
    lateral 1/3 cart, 2/3 bony
    Cilia
    Cerumenous/
    sebaceous glands
    Tympanic Membrane
    (pars flaccida, pars
    tensa, cone of light)
    Healthy TM
    Eardrum
    Sound travels from outer ear to
    inner ear
    Physiology of the Outer Ear
    Transformation of acoustic to
    mechanical energy
    Funnels sound toward tympanic
    membrane (via ext. audit. canal [EAC]) –
    resonance (18dB at 2700 Hz)
    Localization
    Lubrication of EAC (from cerumen)
    Cosmetic (pinna)
    Anatomy of Middle Ear
    Ossicles
     Malleus
     Incus
     Stapes
    Eustachian Tube
    Muscles
     Stapedius
     Tensor Tympani
    Ossicles
    Physiology of the Middle Ear
    Transformation
     of acoustic to mechanical energy
     Impedance matching
    Lever action
    Area ratio (TM:OW)

    Ventilation
     via Eustachian tube

    Protection
     stapedius muscle contraction
    Inner Ear Anatomy
    Vestibular portion
     Semicircular canals
     Utricle
     Saccule

    Acoustic portion
     Cochlea (Organ of
    Corti on basilar
    membrane)
    COCHLEA
    Modiolus-core of cochlea-wrapped
    around
    each turn of the cochlea is divided into
    three chambers, called scalae. Scala
    tympani, scala media and scala vestibuli.
    Perilymph-ST & SV
    Endolymph-SM
    CROSS SECTOIN COCHLEAR
    COCHLEAR FLUIDS
    SM & ST divided by basilar membrane
    Hair cells sit on the basilar membrane and
    are innervated by fibers from the auditory
    nerve
    Cochlea Cross-section
    Organ of Corti
    Physiology of the Inner Ear
    Balance
    Mechanical/Acoustic energy is changed to
    electrical impulses
    Different areas of cochlea sensitive to specific
    frequencies (base-HF/apex-LF) due to change in
    stiffness along basilar membrane
    Neural impulses from cochlea transmitted to CN
    VIII and to rest of ascending auditory pathways

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