“One thing I

know is I know
nothing”
How does Wonder,
Knowledge, and
Ignorance differ
from one another?
Plato claimed that,
“Philosophy
begins in
wonder”
 Wonder is the
beginning for it
stimulates us to
venture into
Philosophy
 How then

wonder
differ from

curiosity?
 Curiosity
• Directed to a single,
fleeting and momentary
object that capture our
interest.
 Philosophers
engaged into
Philosophy for
them to become
wise
 Philosophers
are not swayed
by popular
views or easily
deceived
Two Kinds of Wisdom
(Aristotle)
•Theoretical Wisdom
•Practical Wisdom
Theoretical Wisdom
To know necessary truths
and their logical
consequences.
Practical Wisdom
Deals with knowledge in
the realm of action.
 To have practical
wisdom is to know
truths that have to do
with our dealings with
fellow human beings
Are Theoretical and
Practical Wisdom
both desirable and
valuable?
Philosophers believe

that to be wise
is the best we can be
INTUITIONS
• State of being aware
• Way to arrive at truth
 Views are
scrutinized by the

faculty of
reason
Faculty of reason
separates us from
plants and
animals,
according to
Aristotle
 Aristotle
The best life for a man
is one that is devoted
to Philosophy
 Philosophy is
carried out
through the use
of reason
The proper exercise of
our rational faculty
allows to answer our
questions and
overcome our
ignorance
 Our attempts to
answer philosophical
questions provide us
with opportunities to
arrive at a good
answer.
 Think about this!
Have you encountered a
wise person? If so, Why
do you consider him/ her
wise? If you have not,
how would you recognize
one?
Philosophy is relevant
to every human being,
not only to
philosophers
There is no authority
that imposes or
dictates what we
ought to think
Aside from engaging
in a rational inquiry,
what else is required
to do philosophy?
 Our ignorance
makes philosophy
possible
Arrogance or the belief
that one has figured
out everything,
however will impede
our search for truth
The reason why we
engage in
philosophy is to find
answer and become
wise
 How does
philosophy is
carried out?
 Why do we
ask questions?
PHILOSOPHICAL
THOUGHT IN
THREE VIEWS
 Philosophical Though
in Three Views
Cosmocentric View
Theocentric View
Anthropocentric View
Cosmocentric View
• Ancient Philosophers
wondered about the world.
• Questions that concerned
them was the origin of the
universe
• Question about the ultimate
nature of the world
Cosmology a
branch of
Philosophy
Who was the first
person to wonder
about the origin
of the universe?
Thales believe that
the underlying
principle of all
things is water
Anaximander thought
that water could not
simply explain the
hot, the cold, and the
dry so claimed that
the answer would be
‘Boundless’
 Anaximenes
claimed that it
must be the air
 Pythagoreans
identified
numbers as the
first principle
 Theocentric View
• During Medieval period
which church sustained
man’s intellect, the world
become secondary to
God
Avicenna the first
Muslim philosopher
argued that the
starting point is the
existence of God
Anthropocentric View
• Result of the rise of
modern science and the
diminished authority of
the church.
 Rationalism is
committed to view
that knowledge is
acquired through
reason
 Empiricism holds
that all knowledge
is ultimately
derived from sense
experience