A

PROJECT PRESENTATION OF PHASE - 1

ON
“performance study on pangomia biodiesel with different nano
additives”
Submitted in the partial fulfillment for the award of
Bachelor of Engineering
Presented by

NAVEEN S BENNUR 2GO19ME026

NAVEENA K T 2GO19ME027
NIRANJAN DESHINGE 2GO19ME029
PRAMOD HIRETAND 2GO19ME030

Under the Guidance of

Dr. Raghavendra C R
CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Fuel
• Alternative Fuel
• Needs for alternative fuel
• IC Engine
• Four stroke diesel engine setup
• Working of four stroke engine
• Characteristics of diesel engine
• Emission from diesel engine
• Literature survey and review
• Objectives
 INTRODUCTION

• Day by day demands for the petroleum products is increasing since its rate of
consumption is increasing. If the trend will continue the whole world may suffer
from shortage of petroleum production.

• The shortage of fuel affects the economy and potential of the country.

• To over come from this affect in India ‘2G Ethanol Plant’ Indian Oil Corporation’s
Panipat refinery in Haryana. . It will turn a new chapter in India’s waste-to-wealth
endeavors by utilising about 2 lakh tonnes of rice straw (parali) annually to
generate around 3 crore liters of ethanol annually.
 Fuel
 fuel is substance which can provide useful energy
For example : wood, coal, biogas, LPG, petrol, diesel etc.
 This energy that releases is generally in form of chemical energy or heat energy.
 This heat energy that fuels releases is used foe various purposes such as cooking, in
heater, for many industrial, and manufacturing.
 Types of fuel :
• solid Fue
• Liquid Fuel.
• Fuel Gas.
• Biofuel.
• Fossil Fuel.
 Alternative Fuels

Alternative fuels known as non-conventional and advanced fuels, are any materials or
substances that can be used as fuels, other than conventional fuels.

Some well-known alternative fuels include bio-diesel, bio-alcohol (methanol, ethanol,

butane), chemically stored electricity (batteries and fuel cells), hydrogen, non-fossil
methane, non-fossil natural gas, vegetable oil, propane and other biomass sources.

High oxidized, Sulphur free, environmentally friendly.

 Need for alternative fuel.

 Energy security and Environmental benefits.

 Substitute to diesel fuel.

 Renewable.

 Less pollute eco-friendly.

 Reduce the transportation cost.

 Decentralizing of production of fuel.

 IC Engine.
In an internal combustion engine (ICE), the ignition and combustion of the fuel occurs
within the engine itself. The engine then partially converts the energy from the
combustion to work. The engine consists of a fixed cylinder and a moving piston.
 Four stroke diesel engine setup.
 Working of Four- Stroke Engine.

1. Intake: Air is drawn into the cylinder through the open green
air inlet valve on the right as the piston moves down.

2. Compression: The inlet valve closes, the piston moves up, and
compresses the air mixture and heating it up. Fuel injected
into the hot gas through the central fuel injection valve and
spontaneously ignites.

3. Power: As the air-fuel mixture ignites and burns, it pushes the

piston down, driving the crankshaft that sends power to the
wheels.

4. Exhaust: The green outlet valve on the left opens to let out the
exhaust gases, pushed out by the returning piston.
 Characteristics of diesel engine.

• Indicated power

• Brake power.

• Fuel consumption.

• Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC)

• Indicated Thermal Efficiency.

• Mechanical Efficiency.

• Calorific Value of the Fuel.

• Brake thermal efficiency.

 Emissions from diesel engines.
 Carbon monoxide (CO)
Carbon monoxide results from the incomplete combustion where the oxidation process
does not occur completely.
 Hydrocarbons (HC)
Hydrocarbon emissions are composed of unburned fuels as a result of insufficient
temperature which occurs near the cylinder wall.
 Particulate matter (PM)
Particulate matter emissions in the exhaust gas are resulted from combustion process.
 Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Diesel engines use highly compressed hot air to ignite the fuel.
 Literature survey and review.
Paper Title Author Technique Procedure Conclusion

Experimental Varatharaju Oil was extracted by using The pongamia oil seeds are The experimental result shows
analysis of engine Perumal, the mechanical expeller. The collected from local vendors and the performance and emission
performance, M.Ilangkumaran. biodiesel was produced by dried for a fortnight in sunlight. For characteristics of biodiesel
combustion and transesterification process continuous and commercial blends of PME and diesel and
emission using from pongamia oil production purpose other give the comparison with that
pongamia biodiesel mechanical drying methods may be of the base diesel. The BSFC
as fuel in CI used. The dried seeds are peeled for increased by 4.2% at the same
engine. getting the kernel and the oil was time there was decrease in
extracted by using the mechanical BTE of 2.4% noted for B20
expeller. The pongamia oil thus blend of PME with that of
extracted was mixed with hexane diesel. Regarding the
and stirred at 1500 rpm in a greenhouse gases of CO, HC
mechanical stirrer at 45o to 50oC and NOx there is reduction
and allowed for 45 minutes to settle 8.9%, 8.2% and a closer value
down the impurities present in the are noted respectively. B20
raw oil. It was observed that the gives 4.5% more smoke level
PME contains high amount of free compared to that of diesel. By
fatty acids (FFA), thus a two-step a cumulative conclusion the
transesterification process PME biodiesel can be
comprising of acid esterification implemented in the existing
followed by alkaline engine as substitute fuel for
transesterification has been carried transport, power and
out agricultural unit and off-road
vehicles without any
modification.
 Paper Title Author Technique Procedure
Experimental Analysis on Harish Kumar Mixing of Diesel and he experiments on diesel engine had to
Performance of Diesel Patel Biodiesel with different conduct for different fuels, where
Engine using mixture of Prof..Saurabh concentration of n-Al2O3 different fuel compositions are given
Diesel and Bio Diesel as a Kumar (0.25g/l, 0.5 g/l, 0.75g/l different notation for the ease of study
Working Fuel with and 1.0g/l) namely like F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 and F6.
Aluminum Oxide From pure diesel one by one different
Nanoparticle Additive fuel had taken as a working fuel and
found the results for brake power, brake
specific fuel consumption, brake thermal
efficiency etc. First by taking pure diesel
allowed the engine to run for around 15
minutes and loaded engine with
electrical loading; in this project
different 60 W electric bulbs had used to
create different loading conditions. Once
the engine loaded again allowed the
engine run for 15 minutes so that it can
stabilize, and hence constant value could
obtain for all operating. Now made the
observations for different load i.e. 60 W,
120 W, 180 W, 240 W, 300 W, 360 W,
420 W and 480 W by keeping the engine
speed constant at 1500 rpm and repeated
the same procedure for all other fuels and
compared the result obtained on the basis
of engine performance parameters such
as brake power, brake thermal
efficiencies etc.
Conclusion
Optimal value of
concentration of the
nanoparticles is calculated as
0.4592 g/l into B20. So, for
this concentration value, the
requirement of the nano
particles will be minimum,
and the efficiency of the
engine will maximum.
Further, for this value the
performance of the engine is
better than the pure diesel.
The present study reveals
that biodiesel blended diesel
decreases the brake thermal
efficiency and fuel
consumption. But addition of
0.4592 g/l of n-Al2O3 into
the biodiesel blended diesel
has been recommended for
the improvement in the
performance of the diesel
engine and reduction in the
knocking phenomenon
caused due to the presence of
the biodiesel.
 OBJECTIVES

1. To prepare a blend B40 with a conventional diesel along with jatropha biodiesel
along with Nano additives.

2. To study the influence of different Nano additives in biodiesel.

3. To study the influence of the injunction pressure on the performance of L-S

Diesel engine.

4. To study the characteristic behavior of the blend at variable load condition.

5. To study the NOx and COx emission of blind and convention diesel.
Thank you