Topic sentence.

Active and Passive

Sentences.
By Andi Citra Dewi
 What is topic sentence?
Topic sentence is a sentence that shows the main topic/idea of ​a paragraph and can generally be found
at the beginning of the paragraph. In writing, we cannot immediately write down whatever we want,
but this usually starts with the appearance of a topic and is followed by writing based on that topic.

In other words, a topic sentence is a topic in a sentence that contains the main idea or main core of a
piece of writing. By finding the Topic sentence of a sentence we will easily understand the contents of
the sentence.
 Topic Sentence Features
Usually placed at the beginning of
The topic sentence has a meaning
a paragraph, but can also be placed
that is quite clear without having
in the middle or at the end of a
to be related to other sentences.
paragraph.
Topic sentences can generally be
One topic sentence usually
formed without the help of
contains a main sentence marked
conjunctions and transitional
with several keywords.
phrases.

Generally consists of a statement

which will be explained in detail
by the developer sentence.
 Example of a Topic Sentence
There are three different types of
burns:first, second, and third degree
burns. First degree or superficial burns
are considered mild compared to other
burns. They involve only the top layer of
skin (epidermis). Second degree or
particial thickness burns affect the top
layer of the skin and a portion of the
lower layer of the skin (dermis). Third
degree or full thickness burns are the
worst burns. These burns destroy the first
and second layer of skin and damage
deeper tissues.
The first sentence in the text beside
is the main idea/topic sentence
It is common and very often happens, the topic
the easiest way to ensure that the reader
understands the topic of a paragraph and is like a
good general rule for less experienced
writesentence is usually at the beginning of the
paragraph. This is certainly the easiest way to
ensure that the reader understands the topic of a
paragraph and is like a good general rule for less
experienced
Expert writerswriters.
may not place the sentence until
the middle or end of the paragraph, often they
even show the topic of a paragraph without
writing it into a topic sentence. So the position
of the topic sentence can be at the beginning,
middle, end of the paragraph, or even not written
 Two parts in Topic Sentence

Topic The topic section will explain the topic in the main sentence.

Controlling controlling idea which will limit the number of

Idea things to be covered in a paragraph.

HELLO!!
 Example
Flight Attendants

Controlling
Topic Ideaa topic discusses
If the example above
Telling readers they are about to read
Flight Attendants, then the controlling
a paragraph related to flight
idea could be the form of they have three
attendants.
characteristic. With the controlling idea, a
paragraph will only focus on discussing
the characteristic of Flight Attendants, not
anything else.
 Place of Topic and Controlling Idea
Usually in the
topic sentence,
the topic is • Topic: English
English borrows words from • Controlling Idea: borrows words from
placed at the other languages. other languages
beginning and
then followed
by the • Topic: English
Other language give words to
controlling • Controlling Idea: other language give
English
idea. However, words
it is also
possible that • Topic: English
the controlling Many different jobs require
• Controlling idea: many different jobs
idea lies at the English require
very
beginning.
 Active & Passive Sentence

Active
Active Sentence is a
sentence that places
the person to perform
an action as the
subject
Passive
Passive Sentence is
where a verb
indicates that an
acton is performed
on the subject
Formula Active Voice and Passive sentence

Active Sentence formula:

Subject + Verb (according to tenses) +

Object

Passive Sentence Formula:

Subject + be + past participle + (by doer)

 The rule changes the Active to Passive
Sentence
Here's the explanation:
The subject in the active sentence is changed to the object in the passive
sentence x
The object of the active sentence changes to the subject in the passive
sentence x
The meaning of the sentence does not change in the form of other sounds x
the tense of the verb cannot change x
The preposition by is used in the passive sentence to give a meaning that
completes the sentence. x
 Use of Active and Passive Sentence
Using the Active Sentence conveys a strong, clear tone and the Passive
Sentence is smoother and weaker. Here's some good advice: don't use the
passive sentence just because you think it sounds a little nicer than the Active
sentence.
That said, there are times when passive sentence is useful and needed. Take
“Squirrel being chased by a dog,” for example. This sentence construction is
especially helpful if the squirrel is the focus of your writing and not the dog.

A good rule of thumb is to try to put most of your sentences in the active
sentence, unless you really can't write your sentences any other way.
 Example Active & Passive Sentence
Present Continuous
Simple Present Tense Tense
Active: My mother always makes Active: They are repairing the
some cakes on Sunday bridge
Passive: The cakes are always made Passive: The bridge is being
by my mother on Sunday Example of repairing

sentences:
Simple Past Tense Past Continuous Tense
Active: I saw many things during Active: The publisher was
holidays releasing the new book
Passive: Many new things were Passive: New book was being
seen during holidays released by the publisher
 The difference between Active and Passive Sentence
Active
When the subject of a sentence performs
the action of a verb, we say that the
sentence is in the active voice. Sentences
in the active voice have a strong, direct,
and clear tone.
Passive
A sentence is in the Passive voice, on
the other hand, when the subject is
acted on by the verb. The passive voice
is always constructed with the
conjugated form of being plus the past
participle of the verb. Doing this
usually results in a preposition as well.
It sounds a lot more complicated than it
is. Passive voice is actually quite easy
to detect.
 Characteristics of Active & Passive sentences
Active
Active Sentence tend to
have a film and clear tone
Active voice is marked with the
subject at the beginning and the
subject is followed by the form
'to be', verb and object.
Can tell clearly about the
subject who has done
something.
Passive
When we change a sentence from
active to passive, the object
becomes the subject.
Does not tell clearly about
& the 'actor' who has
performed an action.
We have to add 'by' at the end of
a sentence if we want to make it
clear who is performing an
action.
Thank you everyone!!!!