Introduction

To
Motion &
Time Study

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History :

A new vocabulary has developed

in the past years that stems from
Toyota production system and a
book titled « Lean Thinking », by
James Womack and Daniel Jones.

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 Some Definition:
The goal is to tap this resource
by giving production employees
the best tools available, and the
techniques within a motion and
time study
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Lean Manufacturing is a concept
whereby all production people
work together to eliminate waste
(TIMWOOD).
The Japanese have a word
for waste, « MUDA », which is the
focus of much attention all over
the world.
Who knows better than the
production employee, who spends
eight hours a day on a job, how to
reduce waste?
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 Motion and Time Study
• This finally found a home in modern industrial plant.
• It helps employees understand the nature and the true
costs of work, and it helps them assist management in
reducing unnecessary costs and balancing work cells to
make work flow smoother.
• Time standards help managers make important
management decisions intelligently.
• For example: Manufacturing plant management needs time standards, even
before production starts, to determine how many people to hire, how many
machines to buy, how fast to move conveyors, how to divide work among
employees, and how much the product will cost
• And after production starts, to determine how much cost reduction will return,
who works the hardest, and perhaps who should earn more money.

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• Time and motion study can reduce and control
costs, improve working conditions and
environment, and motivate people.
• Manufacturing engineers and engineering
students are being prepared to design work
stations, develop efficient work methods,
establish time standards, balance assembly
lines, estimate labor costs, develop effective
tooling, select proper equipment, and layout
production facilities.

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• A person working with time and motion study will study an
individual job or series of jobs to learn the details of work and
make changes.
• Changes may be small, but improvements must be made
continually to keep the company competitive.
• Without change, no growth occurs and failure is imminent. A
company should never stop looking for improvements or it will
become obsolete.
• A time and motion study person will have these attitude:
• “We can reduce the cost of any job”
• “ Cost is our measuring rod “
• “Cost reduction is our job”

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• Quality and price are the most important considerations
for staying competitive.
• The following attitudes are critical:
• “ We never propose to a method that will reduce quality.”
• “ We never set standards for producing scrap.”
• “Lowest cost and high quality are our competitive edge. One without the
other leads to a failure.”

• “Work smarter, not harder” has been the motto of every

IE, manager, technologists, but the new motto should be
“Work smarter and harder”

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• MTS offers a great potential for savings in any area of
human effort. We can save in any of the following:
• Total cost of an element of work by eliminating it
• By combining elements of one task with elements of another task
• By rearranging the elements of a task to make it easier
• By simplifying the task by moving parts and tools close to the point of use,
or prepositioning parts and tools, or providing mechanical assists, or
downgrading elements of work to less time-consuming elements.; and even
have the part redesigned to make it easier to produce.

• Simplification is the most time-consuming way of

reducing costs, and its savings are small compared to
eliminating or combining elements, but we can always
simplify.

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• Motion study must consider the operator’s safety above
all else.
• Motion and time study must also be aware of product
quality.
• Time study can reduce cost significantly. Time standards
are goals to strive for.
• In organizations that operate without a time standards,
60% performance is typical.
• When time standards are set, performance improves to
an average of 85%. This is a 42% increase in
performance.
• Incentive system can improve performance even futher.
Incentive performances average 120%, another 42%
increase in productivity.

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• Manufacturing plants with no standards average 60%
performance.
• Manufacturing plants with time standards average 85%
performance.
• Manufacturing plants with incentive systems, average
120% performance.
• MTS is a lot of work and creates some
labor/management conflict, but bringing labor into the
process of MTS, conflict can be replaced with
cooperation and a feeling of being part of something
important.
• It is said that successful people do what other people do
not want to do:
• Work long
• Work hard
• Criticize
• Accept criticism
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• MTS is considered to be the backbone of IE because the
information that time studies generate affects so many
other areas,including the following:
• Cost estimating
• Production and Inventory Control
• Plant Layout
• Materials and Processes
• Quality
• Safety

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 Motion study is for cost reduction;
Time study is for cost control.

• Motion study is a detailed analysis of the work method in an

effort to improve it.
• Motion studies are used to:
• Develop the best work method
• Develop motion consciousness on the part of all
employee
• Develop economical and efficient tools, fixtures, and
Motion study production aids.
is design;
Time study is
• Assists in the selection of new machines and
measurement equipments.
. • Train new employees in the preferred method
• Reduce effort and cost.
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• The techniques on Time Study are as follows:
• Predetermined time standard system
• Stopwatch time study
• Standard data formula time standards
• Work sampling time standards
• Expert opinion and historical data time standards.

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