INTRODUCTIO

N
OF
GENETICS
Prepared By :Krystin Nicole T. Salvador
 GENETICS
is the study of how traits are
passed from parent to
Offspring in the form of
Genes.
Genetic inheritance occurs due to genetic material
in the form of DNA being passed from parents to
their offspring. ... Although the offspring receives
a combination of genetic material from
two parents, certain genes from each parent will
dominate the expression of different traits
CHARACTERISTICS OF GENETICS

Genetic characteristics are the

traits you inherit from your
parents. They include your
physical structure, your
biochemistry and, to some
extent, your behavior. Each of
your parents contributes a set of
23 chromosomes containing
IMPORTANCE OF GENETICS
Chromosomes are made of genes that
consist of DNA.
•Each DNA molecule consists of two
stands shaped as a double helix
•There are 4 nitrogen bases found in
DNA.
•The genetic code is the sequence of
nitrogen bases in the DNA molecule.
 TYPES OF GENETICS
•Allele
An allele is a variant form of a given gene,
meaning it is one of two or more versions of
a known mutation at the same place on a
chromosome.
• Homozygote
An individual having two identical alleles of
particular gene or genes and so breeding true
for the corresponding characteristic.
 •Recessive
allele
an allele that produces its characteristic phenotype
only when its paired allele is identical.

•Dominate
 show their effect even if the
allele
individual only has one copy of the allele
(also known as being heterozygous).
 Heterozygote-two different alleles for a
character (Bb)
an individual having two different alleles of a partic
gene or genes, and so giving rise to varying offsprin

•Homozygous dominant-
Heterozygous means that an organism has two differe
BB of a gene
alleles
•Homozygous recessive -bb
An organism can be homozygous dominant, if it carries tw
copies of the same dominant allele, or homozygous recess
if it carries two copies of the same recessive allele.
• Genotype-genetic makeup
the genetic constitution of an individual organism

• Phenotype- appearance of an
In genetics, the phenotype
organism of an organism is the
composite of the organism's observable characterist
or traits.
Gregor Mendel
•Gregor Mendel (1822-1884
Was an australian monk who studied
Genetic.

• Mendel conducted thousands of

experiments
on pea plants to see how traits (shape, color)
were passed from generation to generation.

•Mendel is known as the “Father of Genetics”

for figuring out the basic rules of how
traits are inherited.
 Why did Gregor mendel
study pea plants?
To study genetics, Mendel chose to work
with pea plants because they have easily
identifiable traits. For example,pea plants
are either tall or short, which is an easy
trait to observe.Furthermore, pea plants
grow quickly, so he could complete many
experiments in a short period of time.
 Pea Plants
Peas exhibit a variety of contrasting traits
(purple vs. ... The shape of the pea flower
protected it from foreign
pollen. Peas usually reproduce by self-
pollination, in which pollen produced by
a flower fertilizes eggs in the same
 The “Father Of Genetics”
•He published his results, observations and
conclusions
•These are now known as Mendel’s Laws
•Mendel's laws of heredity work with other
organisms as well
•They form the basis of modern genetics
•Even though Mendel knew nothing about genes