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DIRE DAWA UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF COMPUTING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER
SCIENCE
Presentation on Digital Image Processing Project
Title: Spatial Filtering

By:
Lemesa Yadeta
Tewodros Mesay
Zelalem Misganaw
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Table of contents

1.Aabstract
2.Introduction
3.Filtering
4.Histogram Equalization
5. Image noise
6. Conclusion
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1. Abstract

 Our project aims to filtering images

using spatial domain.

 Image Enhancement Filters can

effectively reduce or remove the
inaccuracies.
 Filtering is one of the enhancement
techniques which is used to remove
unwanted information (noise) from
the image..
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Continued

 It is also used for image sharpening

and smoothening.
 The aim of this project is to demonstrate the
filtering techniques by performing different
operations such as smoothening, sharpening,
removing the noise from the images etc.
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2. Introduction

 The term digital image processing refers to the

processing of digital images using a computer
 Improving the quality of images is one of the key
application areas of digital image processing
 To reduce or eliminate noises from images we use
various techniques
 Filtering is one of these techniques
 Filtering can be in spatial or frequency domain
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Continued

 one of the major Image Enhancement techniques

known as Spatial Filtering and Intensity transformation
on spatial processing domain, in order to improve the
quality of an image as perceived by human and for
displaying image data effectively.
 Goal of enhancement is to produce the visually most
pleasing image and the goal of restoration is to
produce the best possible estimate of the original
image. The measure of success in restoration is
usually an error measure between the original and
the estimate image.
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3. Filtering
Smoothing filters
 Is used for blurring and noise reduction in the image.
 Minimum filter is also an Order filter which is used for
elimination of salt noise

 Maximum filter is an Order filter which is used for

elimination of Pepper noise
 Median filter is very useful for removing salt and pepper
noises from images
 Average (or mean) filtering is a method of 'smoothing'
images by reducing the amount of intensity variation.
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Continued

Sharpening Filters
 Sharpening filters are used to enhance the edges of
objects and adjust the contrast and the shade
characteristics
 Sobel is used in image processing and computer
vision, particularly within edge detection algorithms
 Prewitt is used in image processing, particularly
within edge detection algorithms. Technically,
 Canny optimal edge detector is an edge detection
operator that uses a multi-stage algorithm to detect a
wide range of edges in images
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Continued

 Unsharp masking is an image sharpening

technique
A Laplacian filter is an edge detector used to
compute the second derivatives of an image
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4. Histogram Equalization

 The goal is to obtain a uniform histogram for the

output image. This transformation in terms of

enhancement implies an increase in the dynamic

range of the pixels which can have a considerable

effect in the appearance of an image.

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5. Image noise

 An important problem for image processing is noise

removal. Noise is unwanted contamination of an image.

 Gaussian noise, named after Carl Friedrich Gauss, is

statistical noise having a probability density function equal
to that of the normal distribution
 Salt-and-pepper noise This noise can be caused by
sharp and sudden disturbances in the image signal
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6. Conclusion

In conclusion, many filters offer various advantages and

disadvantages. Hence, a variety of filters are required to
solve image processing issues.
A linear filter may not always perform as well as a
nonlinear filter. The nonlinear filter may perform picture
restoration tasks more effectively than the linear filter.
While the nonlinear filter additionally preserves edges in
addition to removing noise, the linear filter just removes
noise.

In conclusion, this project's primary goal of creating a

simulation program in MATLAB utilizing the Image
Processing Toolbox was accomplished. basic
understanding of image processing
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We thank You