THE DISCIPLINE OF

COUNSELING
LESSON 2
THE ART AND SCIENCE OF COUNSELING

The professionalization of guidance and counseling was realized

through REPUBLIC ACT 9258, otherwise known as “the profession
that involves the use of an integrated approach to the development of
a well-functioning individual primarily by helping him/her to utilize
his/her potentials to the fullest and plan his/her present and future in
accordance with his/her abilities, interests, and needs.”
 Discipline of Counseling
 Is a relationship characterized by the application of one or
more psychological theories and a recognized set of
communication skills appropriate to a client’s intimate
concerns, problems, or aspirations.

 Clients, are individuals or a group in a demoralized, distressed,

or in a negative state of mind about their situation or context.

 Methods: face-to-face dialog, group work, telephone, email,

or other written materials.
 Definition of Counseling
 The process of guiding a person during a stage of life when
reassessments or decisions have to be made about himself or
herself and his or her life course. (Collins Dictionary of Sociology)

 Counselors are professionally trained and certified to perform

counseling.

 As a discipline, it is allied to Psychology and deals with normal

responses to normal life events, which may sometimes create
stress for some people who, in turn, choose to ask for help and
support.

 Generally, a non-clinical intervention.

Counseling is widely considered the heart of the guidance services in
schools which involves two sides: an individual or group who needs
help and a mature professionally trained counselor accomplished
through a therapeutic relationship between them.

Counselors helps clients understand and clarify their views of their life
space and to learn to reach their self-determined goals through
meaningful, well-informed choices and through resolution or
problems of an emotional or interpersonal nature.

Counseling also utilizes appraisal and assessment to aid counseling by

gathering information about clients through the use of psychological
tests and non-psychometric devices.
PSYCHOMETRICS is a branch of psychology that deals
with the design, administration, and interpretation of quantitative
tests for the measurement of psychological variables such as
intelligence, aptitude, interests, and personality traits.

Tests employed are strictly standardized and administered by a

professionally trained psychometrician.

Counseling is not to be confused with psychiatry, which is the

branch of general medicine that deals with the treatment of the
mentally ill by medically-trained professionals using clinical
intervention including drugs, surgical procedures, and non-physical
approaches.
 COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT COUNSELING

1. A person seeing a counselor, a psychologist, a psychiatrist, or any

mental health practitioner has mental illness.
2.Counseling means giving advice
3.Counseling is part of the Discipline Board
a. facilitation toward an understanding of the factors
that caused him or her to disobey school rules and
regulations.
b. reorientation of the school policies
c. referrals to or recommendation for seminars or
workshops aimed to impart the characterization of
the school’s values.
d. psychological support should the student’s action
merited dismissal
4. A counselor is a problem-solver.
 CONTEXT AND THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF COUNSELING

Counseling is affected by the context and the surrounding factors.

Context includes the: (URIE BRONFENBRENNER)

1.Peers
2.Culture
3.Neighborhoods
4.Counseling
a. Client –takes an active part on the process, success or
failure of counseling depends so much.
b. Counselor- personality traits
c. Contextual –the environment and atmosphere where to
conduct the sessions.
d. Process factors –constitute the actual counseling
process.
SIX STAGES that apply to all problem areas in the process of
counseling: (VELLEMAN 2001)
1. Developing trust
2. Exploring problem areas
3. Helping to set goals
4. Empowering into action
5. Helping to maintain change
6. Agreeing when to end the helping relationship

WHY CLIENTS NEED TO CONSULT COUNSELORS

7. Academic difficulties
8. Personal concerns
9. Social concerns
10. Emotional difficulties
11. Psychological challenges
12. Family problems
13. Career-related concerns
 GOALS AND SCOPE OF COUNSELING

COUNSELING is aimed at empowering a client. The general goal is

to lead an individual client or group to self-emancipation in relation
to a felt problem.

The scope of counseling is wide. Essentially, it involves application

of some psychological theories and recognized communication skills.

It does not deal with clinical cases such as mental illness.

It is professional relationship that requires an eventual closure and

termination of the counselee-counselor relationship.
 PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING

Can be found in the basic process of counseling since they govern

each and every step.

Counselors are set to aside their own value system in order to

empathize with their clients.

Counseling is effective when it is performed with clear objectives

that includes providing some degree of:
1. Advice
2. Reassurance
3. Release of emotional tension
4. Clarified Thinking
5. Reorientation
6. Listening Skills
7. Respect
8. Empathy and Positive regard
9. Clarification, Confrontation, and Interpretation
10. Transference and Countertransference

CORE VALUES OF COUNSELING

1.Respect for human dignity
2. Partnership
3.Autonomy
4.Responsible Caring
5.Personal Integrity
6.Social Justice
 FOUNDATION FOR ETHICAL PRACTICE
(The New Zealand Association of Counselors)

1. Act with care and respect for individual and cultural differences
and the diversity of human experience.
2. Avoid doing harm in all their professional work.
3. Respect the confidences with which they are entrusted.
4. Promote the safety and well-being of individuals, families, and
communities.
5. Seek to increase the range of choices and opportunities for clients.
6. Be honest and trustworthy in all their professional relationships.
7. Practice within the scope of their competence.
8. Treat colleagues and other professionals with respect.