LESSON 4:

ARRANGEMENT
OF DETAILS
Prayer
OBJECTIVES
At the end of our lesson, you
would be able to:
1. Evaluate research based
on its properties:
coherence and cohesion
1.1 Understand the
arrangement of details
according to:
• chronological order
• spatial order
• emphatic order
WHAT’S IN Looking back!
 ACTIVATE YOUR
SCHEMA!

Fill in the middle boxes

with ideas you learned
from the previous lesson
and on the third box,
formulate a concept based
on your insights cascaded
in the middle boxes.
 WHAT STRUCTURES CAN
BE MADE BY BRICKS?

Bricks and cement can be put together

to create any form of structure.
However, it is only when they are laid
together properly that they form a
building.
Similarly, a text will be cohesive if
cohesive ties are used however, it will
only be coherent if the cohesive ties are
used appropriately to create meaning.
Coherence is defined as the quality of being
logical, consistent and able to be understood.
Imagine coherence as a building .

Cohesion on the other hand refers to the act of

forming a whole unit. It is effectively a subset
of coherence. Picture cohesion as the bricks
and cement which make up the building.
Cohesion refers to the logical flow and connection in a
written text and is achieved through the use
of devices to link sentences together so that
there is a logical flow between ideas from
one sentence to the next.(Enquist & Oates
2009: 34)

INTRODUCTION

Coherence refers to the unity or togetherness of the text as

a whole and is achieved through the effective
grouping and arrangement of ideas in a logical
order.(Enquist & Oates 2009: 34)
 Coherence is an essential quality
for good academic writing. In
WHAT IS THE academic writing, the flow of
IMPORTANCE OF ideas from one sentence to the
COHESION AND
COHERENCE IN
next should be smooth and
ACADEMIC logical. Without cohesion, the
WRITING? reader will not understand the
main points that you are trying to
make. It also hampers readability.
 Number the sentences
ACTIVITY: in an appropriate order
COHERENCE
AND to form a well-
COHESION structure paragraph.
1.
___ a. This spot, which lies in New York Harbor, was the
first American soil seen or touched by many immigrants.
___ b. Between its opening in 1892 and its closing in
1954, about two-thirds of all immigrants were detained
there before taking up their new lives in the United States.
___ c. Ellis Island has reopened for business, but now the
costumers are tourists.
___ d. Though other places also served as ports of entry
for foreigners, none has the symbolic power of Ellis
Island.
2.
___ a. The set, sounds, and actors in the movie
captured the essence of horror films.
___ b. The sounds, too, were appropriate;
especially terrifying was the hard, hollow sound
of footsteps echoing through the film.
___ c. The set was ideal: looming shadows of
large and unlighted houses, deserted streets, trees
dipping their branches over the sidewalks, and
mist hugging the ground.
___ d. But the best feature of the movie was its
actors, all of them tall, pale and extremely thin.
3.
___ a. When it was being constructed in the early
1970s, its windows began cracking and falling to
the ground.
___ b. They were replaced with plywood until the
problem could be found and solved.
___ c. The Hancock Tower in Boston is a thin,
mirror-glass slab that rises almost eight hundred
feet.
___ d. Eventually, the cracking was blamed on the
window’s rigid double-paned glass.
___ e. Single-pane windows were installed, and
the plywood building crystallized into a shining
jewel.
WHY IS ARRANGEMENT IMPORTANT?
WHAT IS CALLED
THE
ARRANGEMENT?

When you organize things in

an orderly way, the result is
called an arrangement.
Example: If you admire your
friend's arrangement of his
living room furniture, you might
go home and make a similar
arrangement.
WHAT IS THE
ARRANGEMENT
OF DETAILS?
 ARRANGEMENT OF DETAILS ACCORDING
TO:

Chronological Order

DISCUSSION
Spatial Order

Emphatic Order
 The details are organized in the order which
they happened. (Landich, 2018)
CHRONOLOGICAL
ORDER
Example: This morning was crazy. My alarm clock was set for PM
instead of AM, so I woke up really late. I just threw on some clothes
and ran out the door. I rode my bike as fast as I could and thought that I
was going to be late for sure, but when I got there everyone was
outside and there were firetrucks all lined up in front of school. I guess
somebody pulled the fire alarm before class started. It worked out
though, because nobody really noticed or minded that I was tardy.
 The sentences of a paragraph are organized
according to the geographical location such
as left to right up to down etc. (Landich,
2018)
SPATIAL ORDER
Example: The inside of Bill's refrigerator was horrible. On the
top shelf was a three-week-old carton of milk. Next to it sat a
slice of melon that had started to get moldy. To the right of the
melon sat the remains of a macaroni and cheese dinner that had
been served a week earlier. On the shelf below was a slice of
cake from his sister's birthday party. Though there was food,
none of it was edible
 The information in the paragraph is organized to emphasize certain
points depending on the writer’s purpose. (Landich, 2018)
It is based on importance. The ideas are presented in the order of
emphasis, often from the weakest to the strongest, but not necessarily.

EMPHATIC
ORDER Example: After looking at all the brochures and talking to several
salesmen, I decided to purchase an SLR camera. For several years I
had been dissatisfied with the results I was getting from my point and-
shoot camera. The framing was imprecise, and the focus was not
always accurate. I had planned a vacation to an area that promised
many fabulous photo opportunities, and I wanted to capture each one
with accuracy. But the most important reason I decided on the SLR
camera was the great versatility it offered.
What I Have Learned
IDENTIFY THE
ORDER OF
DETAILS
1. Criminologists have looked closely at
situations in which assaults are
committed. One researcher identified the
stages of a confrontational situation that
lead to an assault: If one person insults
another, the insulted person perceives the
significance of the insult, often noting
the reactions of others present, and
becomes angry. Then, the insulted person
contemplates a response: fight, flight or
conciliation. If the response chosen is
fight, the insultee assaults the insulter
then and there.
2. At first encounter with Guernica, Picasso’s
1937 mural protesting the brutality of war, the
viewer is overwhelmed by its presence. The
painting is huge--more than 25 feet long and
nearly 12 feet high--and its stark, powerful
imagery seems to reach out and engulf the
observer. Picasso used no colors; the whole
painting is done in white and black and shades
of gray. We cannot misunderstand the scenes of
extreme pain and anguish throughout the
canvas. At far left a shrieking mother holds her
dead child, and at far right another woman, in a
burning house, screams in agony. The gaping
mouths and clenched hands speak of disbelief at
such mindless cruelty.
3. College students should
participate in at least one campus
organization. It provides a way to
make new friends and become part
of college community. It also helps
them hold leadership positions.
4. The movie opens with a montage of
his life with his true love Ellie. It
begins when they are young and first
get married, showing all of the trials
and tribulations that keep them from
going on the adventure they always
dreamed of: At the end of the
montage, we are sad to learn that
Ellie died before they ever got to go
on their great adventure together. We
now know that losing Ellie was the
cause of his loneliness, and his
grumpy demeanor is the effect.
5. “On the far-right corner of my study table, there is a
five-layer drawer with a faded Mickey Mouse as its
design. On its right sat my sibling’s dusty pink
dollhouse. A two-foot black electric fan is placed just
beside the dollhouse. My functioning black laptop is
located just next to it, in a vain effort to cool off the
device. My phone enclosed in a blue protective case
and a black fine-toothed comb are nearby. My
unzipped gray laptop is leaning on a row of books like
a rag doll.
Behind the aforementioned items are a row of books-
textbooks, manga, fiction, and non-fiction. Their
colorful spines decorated my study table with life. My
bubble wrapped wooden sword is on top of the row of
books. My pocket power supply decorated in white
and green lays next to my wooden sword. A purple
hairbrush is right next to it, followed by a stack of
papers. A book about political theories and my furry
frog pencil case lay on top of the papers.”
 WHY ORGANIZING
IDEAS LOGICALLY IS
IMPORTANT?
 REMEMBER

Organizing the sentences in
your paragraph according
to a logical order helps the
reader to follow the
development of your ideas.
QUIZ
THANK
YOU
OPTIONAL
SLIDES
OPTIONAL: COHERENCE AND COHESION
(not included in the module)
 The cohesion word is derived from the word
cohere, which means “to stick together”. So,
while framing the sentences and phrases,
cohesion is how you have put your ideas and
views collectively together while framing
COHERENCE VS your sentences while coherence is the superset
COHESION of cohesion which includes cohesive sentences
as well as other properties like consistency and
understandability of the content and how using
logically connected and related sentences while
representing your ideas and transiting from one
idea to another.
 As the act of forming a whole unit

A subset of coherence
COHESION
Focused on the grammatical aspect
of writing.

Degree to which sentences are

connected
EXAMPLE

I have noticed lately that one of my tiles inside my room

has a noisy sound every time I step on it. You see, the
cement and tiles are not fully attached. Well, I know a tile
has a perfect size, but it is not fully attached. But when a
tile is attached or cemented properly, I guess it becomes
strong, strong enough that it can still be used for years.
 quality of being logical, consistent and
able to be understood.

COHERENCE
rhetorical aspects of writing which
include developing and supporting your
argument, synthesizing and integrating
reading, organizing and clarifying ideas
EXAMPLE:

I had the most beautiful experience when I went

to the zoo. I saw different kinds of birds. But it
was my first time to see a carabao flying.
I had the most beautiful experience when I
went to the zoo. I saw different kinds of birds.
But it was my first time to see a carabao
flying.

VERDICT: COHESIVE BUT NOT

COHERENT
You can have cohesion without
coherence but you cannot have
coherence without cohesion.

COHERENCE------------LOGICAL
ORDER

COHESION------------- HELPFUL
LINK-----GLUE
A. MATCH COLUMN A WITH COLUMN B

A B

1. Cohesion A. grammatical and lexical linking within a text

2. Coherence B. arranged according to geographical location
3. Chronological order C. arranged to emphasize a certain point
4. Spatial order D. arranged in the order which they happened
5. Emphatic order E. general sense that a text makes sense through the
organization of its content.
F. arranged by number of sentences
 FINAL OUTPUT:

ONLINE and OFFLINE

(Week 3 and Week 4)
o A. Fill in the Word Network either a phrase or a
word that sustain your understanding of the
lesson.
o B. From your answer in the Word Network, make
your concept based on how you grasped/
understood the lesson. Compose at least 4-5
sentences using any of the arrangement of
details. Make sure to include accurate information
in your composition.