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 BUILDING SERVICES - II
INDE
X

 NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS 1

 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGE 2
S
3
 CLASSIFICATION OF NZEBs
NZEBs 4-6
 STRATEGIES FOR BUILDIND
• Shading
• Orientation
• Cool roofs
• Natural ventilation
• Evaporative cooling
• Vegetation
• Lighting systems
• HVAC Systems
7
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 BUILDING SERVICES - II
NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDIN
GS

A Net Zero Energy (NZE) building has net zero energy consumption, which means the total amount of energy used by the building on an annual basis is equal to the
amount of renewable energy created on the site or, in other definitions, by renewable energy sources offsite, using technology like heat pumps, high efficiency windows
and insulation, and solar panels. The goal is for these buildings to emit less greenhouse gas into the environment throughout their operations than comparable non-
NZE structures.

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 BUILDING SERVICES - II
A D V A N TA G E S A N D D I S A D V A N TA G
ES
ADVANTAGES

• Lower operating and maintenance costs

• Improved energy security
• Minimal to no energy price increases in the future for the building
owners
• Lower environmental impact
• Better resiliency to power outages and natural disasters
• Increased comfort due to more uniform interior temperatures
• Reduced risk of loss from grid blackouts.
DISADVANTAGES

• Can have higher initial costs

• NZEB is not free of carbon emissions. Glass has a high embodied energy
and the production requires a lot of carbon.
• Possible declines in future utility company renewable energy costs may
lessen the value of the capital invested in energy efficiency.
• While the individual house may use an average of net zero energy over a
year, it may demand energy at the time when peak demand for the grid
occurs.
• Very few designers or builders have the skillset or the experience
required to build NZEBs
• Without an optimized thermal envelope the embodied energy, heating
and cooling energy and resource usage is higher than needed. NZEB do
not mandate a minimum heating and cooling performance level thus
allowing oversized renewable energy systems to fill the energy gaps.

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 BUILDING SERVICES - II
C L A S S I F I C AT I O N O F N Z E B
s
NZEB:A
Buildings generate and utilize energy using a variety of energy efficiency
measures gathered inside the footprint of the structure. When a NZEB:A
consumes utility energy, the source and emission multipliers are high, but
when the NZEB exports to the grid, they are low.

NZEB:B
These buildings generate and utilize energy in a variety of ways, including
energy efficiency, footprint generation, and site generation. Because they
utilize on-site resources, these structures may qualify as a site. It may be
difficult to locate a source or NZEB location. Depending on the net metering
laws in your area, qualifying as a cost NZEB may be tough.

NZEB:C
To the greatest extent possible, these structures employ the strategies
described for NZEB:A and/or NZEB:B buildings. These buildings also
generate renewable resources that are brought on-site to generate energy.
Because they utilize renewable resources, they may qualify as NZEBs for
site, source, and emissions.

TABLE 1: NZEB RE Supply Option Hierarchy
Source: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/44586.pdf
NZEB:D
These buildings buy certified resources off-site, such as utility-scale wind
and renewable energy certificates (RECs) from certified providers. Off-site
options should be investigated if necessary after all cost-effective efficiency
and on-site strategies have been utilized.

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 BUILDING SERVICES - II
S T R AT E G I E S F O R B U I L D I N G N Z E
B
SHADING
Structural controls like ‘external shading devices’ are essential
environmental controls that either obviate or greatly reduce the need for
mechanical heating and cooling to maintain thermal comfort inside
buildings, by controlling heat gain through openings.

ORIENTATION
To minimize overall solar gain through the envelope,
buildings are oriented in the N-S direction.
COOL ROOFS
Using well graded broken pieces pf glossy glazed modified bitumen with
plastic, RCC roof topped with elastomeric cool roof coating, cool roofs use
solar-reflective surfaces to maintain lower roof temperatures.
longer sides of

NATURAL VENTILATION
Building openings should be in opposite pressure zones for good natural
ventilation.

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S T R AT E G I E S F O R B U I L D I N G N Z E
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EVAPORATIVE COOLING
Evaporative cooling lowers the indoor air temperature thus lowers the
energy cost for air-conditioning in buildings. Eg: ponds, pools and water
features right outside windows or in courtyards.
VEGETATION
Proper landscape design and vegetation can be used effectively by
architects from an early design phase to lower the ambient temperature
and thus reducing the resulting demand for air conditioning loads in a
building.
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BUILDING SERVICES - II
LIGHTING SYSTEMS
Methods for effectively applying lighting control systems include:
• Highlight areas with high energy waste potential, such as lights left on
during unoccupied hours, appropriate day lighting, shutters closed to
avoid direct sunlight or glare, and so on.
• Highlight the possible schedule-based savings depending on the
functional usage of the building.
• Design a strategy that combines all zones with similar trends into a single
zone.
• Where space cannot be combined, use a stand-alone system.
• For the most efficient use and centralized control, implement a network
system for all other zones.
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 BUILDING SERVICES - II
S T R AT E G I E S F O R B U I L D I N G N Z E B s : H V A C S Y S T E
MS
COOLING SYSTEMS

Central Air Conditioners

Although some systems have higher construction costs than others, their
operating costs are significantly lower due to improved system energy
efficiency.

High Efficiency Chillers

Chillers are the most important part of a central cooling system that
functions as a packed vapor compression cooling unit.

Chilled Water Systems

A chilled water system is a complicated system with numerous supporting
components such as primary and secondary pumps, cooling towers, fans,
variable frequency motors, and controls, among others.

Desiccant Cooling System

Using well graded broken pieces pf glossy glazed modified bitumen with
plastic, RCC roof topped with elastomeric cool roof coating, cool roofs use
solar-reflective surfaces to maintain lower roof temperatures.

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BIBLIOGRAPH
Y
• https://nzeb.in/
• https://www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/zero-energy-buildings
• https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/44586.pdf

• https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Schematic-drawing-of-a-desiccant-cooling-system_fig7_259870784
• https://nzeb.in/knowledge-centre/hvac-2/cooling-equipment/central-hvac-system/
• https://nzebnew.pivotaldesign.biz/knowledge-centre/lighting-2/
• https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Shading-through-vegetation-Sourcewwwnzebin_fig1_317152631
• https://nzeb.in/knowledge-centre/passive-design/evaporative-cooling/
• https://nzebnew.pivotaldesign.biz/knowledge-centre/passive-design/natural-ventilation/

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