There are at least four kinds of 

context clues that are quite common:

1. Synonym (or repeat context clue): An author will use more than one word that means the same
thing. For example, there may be a complex word followed by a restatement using a simpler word in the
same or following sentence: Felipe is a miser. He’s always been a cheapskate.
2.Antonym (or contrast context clue): The
text may include a word or words that have
the opposite meaning, which can reveal the
meaning of an unknown term: Stella has
always dressed flamboyantly. I’ve never
seen her wear a dull color
3. Explanation (or a definition context clue): An
unknown word is explained within the sentence
or in the sentence immediately after: On Friday,
we visited the arboretum, a garden dedicated to
the exhibition of trees and plants.
4. Specific example (or an example context clue): The text provides
one or more examples used to define the term: The children were able
to observe several crustaceans, including crabs, lobsters, and shrimp.
 
4. Specific example (or an example context clue): The text provides
one or more examples used to define the term: The children were able
to observe several crustaceans, including crabs, lobsters, and shrimp.
 
There may also be word-part context clues in which a
common prefix, suffix, or root will suggest at least part of the
meaning of a word.
A general sense context clue lets the reader puzzle out a
word meaning from whatever information is available—and
this is the most common kind of context clue. The
relationships between words are not directly obvious and
instead implied.
Others describe context clues in three
ways:
1. semantic or meaning clues: For example, when reading a story
about cats, the reader will have the expectation that it will contain
words associated with cats.
2. syntactic or word order clues: The order of the words in a
sentence can indicate what part of speech a missing word must be
(for example, a verb).
3.picture clues: From an early age, beginning readers are taught
to look at illustrations to help with the identification of a word.
 
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