Surgical affections of kidneys

and ureters
Congenital anamolies

 Renal agenesis
 Supernumerary kidneys
 Renal hypoplasia
 Renal dysgenesis
 Horse shoe kidney
 Renal cysts
Acquired

 Trauma
 Nephrolithiasis
 Hydronephrosis
 Kidney worm
 Renal neoplasia
Partial nephrectomy
Hydronephrosis

 Progressive dilatation of renal pelvis and

accompanying progressive atrophy of renal
parenchyma
 Ureteral obstruction
 Nephrostomy tube drainage
Nephrostomy tube drainage
Ectopic ureter

 Ectopic ureter, or ureteral ectopia, is a

congenital anomaly in which one or both
ureters empty outside the bladder
 The ureters normally enter the dorsolateral
caudal surface of the bladder and empty into
the trigone after a short intramural course
Intramural

 They enter the bladder wall at a normal

anatomic position, but a portion of the ureter
extends submucosally within the bladder wall
before it enters the urethral lumen
Extramural

 The ureter bypasses the bladder to enter the

urethral lumen
Diagnosis

 Urinary incontinence
 Hydroureter and hydronephrosis
 Excretory urogram
Neoureterostomy
Ureteroneocytostomy
Ureterocele

 A congenital cystic dilatation of the

submucosal segment of the distal ureter that
is not the result of stenosis, obstruction or
ureteral orifice