Bone cancer

What is a tumor?
A mass of very active cells, able to divide and
grow uncontrollably.

benign tumor : when the malignant tumor : when the

growth of cell mass is not abnormal cell mass has the
infiltrative (it does not invade ability to grow very quickly and
the surrounding tissues) and to spread to the surrounding
even metastasizing. tissues and the rest of the body
 What is bone cancer?

A bone tumor is any neoplasm, benign or malignant, that

originates from a cell of bone tissue or cartilage tissue.

The main benign bone tumors include: osteochondroma,

unicameral non-ossifying fibroma, osteoclastoma,
enchondroma and fibrous dysplasia.

Among the most important malignant bone tumors, on the

other hand, are osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma,
chondrosarcoma and all secondary bone tumors.
 Malignant bone tumors
The main examples of malignant bone
cancer, however, are:

Osteosarcoma

Ewing's sarcoma

Chondrosoma
It is the most common
Osteosarcoma
primary malignant bone
cancer in the human
population. It mainly affects
children and adolescents and
is characterized by a very high
rate of growth.

Any skeletal district of the

human body can develop
osteosarcoma; however, in
most cases, this dangerous
neoplasm arises in the lower
extremity of the femur or in
the upper extremity of the
tibia.
Ewing’s sarcoma

Ewing's sarcoma is primary

malignant bone tumor which
affects mainly adolescents and
young adults.

The most affected skeletal

districts are: the long bones of
the upper and lower limbs
(humerus, femur and tibia), the
bones of the pelvis, the ribs and
the clavicles.
 Chondrosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant
tumor that originates from the
cartilage located at the ends of some
bones of the human skeleton.

Among the most common sites of

chondrosarcoma are cartilaginous
tissues of: femur, pelvis, scapula,
humerus and ribs.

The subjects most at risk of

chondrosarcoma are middle-aged
and elderly individuals.
 Diagnosis

Numerous conditions - including fractures and

bone infections - can mimic the presence of a
bone tumor and make the diagnosis of the latter
so complex.

To be sure of the presence of a bone tumor,

doctors must resort to extensive examinations.
 Therapy
The treatment of bone cancer varies depending on
whether the neoplasm is benign or malignant.

TREATMENT OF A TUMOR TO THE BENIGNO

BONES
Generally, it is not required any special treatment. In
the unfortunate situations, therapy is usually surgical.

TREATMENT OF A CANCER TO THE MALIGNO BONES

The treatments are: surgery to remove the tumor mass, radiotherapy and
chemotherapy.
 References

Wikipedia

Khan academy

Anatomia patologica vol 5 F. Buda, P.

Aragona