Module 2: Art History and

Development
Art History and Development
 Prehistoric
 Classicism and Greco-Roman Tradition
 Roman Arts
 Medieval Arts
 Renaissance Arts
 Mannerism, Baroque, and Romanticism Arts
 Modern and Contemporary Art
Prehistoric Arts
River Civilization (Ancient Arts)
 Arts associated with religious
functions.
 Nomadics (10,000 B.C.) –
geographical condition.
 Banks of Rivers : Mesopotamia
(Tigris & Euphrates), Egypt
(Nile), China (Yangtze), India
(Indus &Ganges)
 Arts reflected on the building of
palaces and temples
 Ancient Egyptian Arts
 Arts connote a religious
function.
 Arts originate from building
tombs and preserving the
remain of dead (mummification)
 Mastaba (eternal house) -
chamber for dead (tomb)
Ancient Arts of Mesopotamia
 Female figurine, Samara (6000 BC)
 Nimrud ivories, Neo-Assyrian
period (9th–7th centuries BC)
 Fragment of the
Stele of the
Vultures, Early
Dynastic III
period (2600–
2350 BC)
Ancient Arts of China
 Terracotta Army
 Collection of
terracotta sculptures
depict the armies of
Qin Shi Huang, (first
Emperor of China)
 Discovered in 1974
(Lintong District,
Xi’an)
 Ancient Arts of India
 Bhimbetka rock shelter
 Taj Mahal (1648) - "teardrop on the
cheek of eternity“ . Emperor Shah
Jahan (Mumtaz Mahal).
 Prehistoric Arts
Western Art (Primitive Age)
 Arts is related to culture (way of life/
belief)
 Early primitive people paints animal
on the wall of cave to have successful
hunting.
 Sculpture is associated with magical
belief
 Small animals statue are the first
subject of sculpture.
 Prehistoric Arts
Western Art (Primitive Age)
 Fertility statues are made
because of the belief (bring many
offspring/ survival of human
species)
 Architecture is learned when man
discovered burying the death.
 Gravestones are the first
architectural designs.
 Gravestone
 Menhirs are monuments
consisting of a single large
piece of megalith.
 Dolmens are "stone table" in
Breton, made up of a number of
vertical megaliths with
horizontal slab.
 Cromlechs made up of a
number of megaliths in
concentric circle extending a
wide area.
Ancient Greek Arts

 Archaic Period

 Classical Period

 Hellenistic Period
 Archaic Period
 Arts were influenced by the
earlier civilization of
Mesopotamia and Egypt.
 Geometric art (Pottery)
 Archaic period focuses on
nude sculpture.
 Kouros (nude male figure of
athlete)
 Kore (fully clad female figure)
 Classical Period
 Remarkable civilization of ancient Greek.
 Golden age of Athens (Socrates/ Plato/
Aristotle)
 Outstanding period of cultural
achievement
 Aesthetic ideals (emphasize form/
implying a rigorous artistic discipline in
conforming to a schema or to a certain
artistic convention
 Exhibit an intellectual order (philosophical)
 Follow the principle of design (harmony/
proportion/ balance)
 Classical Sculpture
 Sculpture evolved
from the frontal and
rigid “kouroi” or
“kouros”
 Sculpture gave way
the creation of the
transitional
movement.
 Phidias/ Polykleitos/
Myron/ Praxiteles
  Architecture:
Praxiteles; Ictinus; and
Callicrates

 Open- Air Theater:

Aeschylus; Sophocles;
and Euripides

Hermes
Aphrodite of
Apollo bearing infant
Cnidus
Venus Braschi saurotonos Dionysus
 Hellenistic Period
 End of the Golden age of Athens
 404 BC – Peloponesian War
(Spartans – Athenians)
 338 BC – Alexander the Great
conquered Greek cities.
 Greek sculpture was
influenced by the Oriental
and the political instability.
 This gave way to the rise of
new set of aesthetic ideals.
 Hellenistic Arts
 Zeuxis Renown
 Parrhasius Naturalistic
 Apollodorus Painters
Alexandros Agesander Lysippos
Aphrodite of Milos Laocoon Apoxyomenos
ROMAN ARTS
 Roman Art
 The Roman sculptures imitated
the Greek forms and techniques.
 The Romans developed a new
artistic subjects like “still life”,
“Landscape”, and “architectural
motifs”.
 The Roman architectures
imitated the certain features of
Greek architectures (Doric –
Tuscan orders)
 The Romans imitated also the
Greek literature.
MEDIEVAL ARTS
 Early Christian Arts
 Byzantine Arts
 Romanesque Arts
 Gothic Arts
 Early Christian Arts and
Architectures

 Art produced by Christians or

under Christian patronage
from about the year 100 to
about the year 500.
 The arts introduced a new
sense of values (emphasizing
spiritual and life after death).
 Arts were influenced by the
early Christian symbols
(cross, fish, lamb, Alpha,
Omega, wreath, grapes,
doves, and peacocks)
 Byzantine Arts
 Byzantine art is the term
commonly used to
describe the artistic
products of the Byzantine
Empire from about the
5th century until the Fall
of Constantinople in 1453
 Merging of Classical and
Asian artistic tradition.
 Emphasized the clarity of
line and sharpness of
outline.
 Romanesque Arts
 Romanesque art refers
to the art of Europe
from approximately
1000 AD to the rise of
the Gothic style in the
13th century
 Romanesque period
developed their own
arts; metal work,
geometric designs, and
stylized animal form.
 Gothic Arts
 Gothic art was a style of Medieval art
that developed in France out of
Romanesque art in the mid-12th
century
 Gothic art was influenced by the
philosophy of religion (St. Thomas’
“Summa Theologia”).
 Arts gave emphasis about religions
 Gothic arts depicted the use of
stained glass (mosaic).
 Primary media in the Gothic period
included sculpture, panel painting,
stained glass, fresco and illuminated
manuscripts.
RENAISSANCE ARTS
 Renaissance Art (15th Century Art)
 Renaissance art gave emphasis on man as the measure
of all things (homocentric).
 Art focused on man’s thoughts, feelings and imaginations.
 The ideals of classicism became the artistic standards of
the renaissance orders.
 Painting and sculpture subjects remained religious by
nature (classical mythology).
 Renaissance period emphasized the ideal man (jack-of-
all-trade) – well rounded man and knowledgeable in
different fields (philosophy, science, and arts).
 Versatile Men of Renaissance

 Leonardo di ser Piero  Michelangelo di Lodovico

da Vinci Buonarroti Simoni
Famous Works of Leonardo da Vinci
Famous Works of Michelangelo Buonarotti
 Early Renaissance
 Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378 – 1455) – bronze sculptor
 Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 – 1446) – bronze sculptor
 Donatello (1386 – 1466) – best Florentine scupltor
 Andrea del Verrochio (1435 – 1488) – da Vinci’s teacher in painting
 Leon Battista Alberti (1404 – 1472) - Architecture
 Giotto di Bondone (1226 – 1337) – popular in frescoes painting
 Fra Filippo Lippi (1406-1469) – Botticelli’s teacher in painting
 Sandro Boticelli (1447 – 1510) – introduced nude painting
 High Renaissance
 Leonardo da Vinci (1452 – 1519)
 Raphael (1483 – 1520)
 Michaelangelo Buonarroti (1475 – 1564)
 Giovanni Bellini (1430 – 1516)
 Giorgione (1478 – 1511)
 Albert Durer (1471-1528)
Art imitates Life but now it is
Life that imitates Art
REFERENCES:
Textbook
Tabotabo, Claudio V. (2010). Art Appreciation: Introduction to the Humanities (Revised Edition). Manila. Mindshapers Co.,
Inc.
Marcos, Lucivilla L. (2006). Introduction to the Humanities Visual and Performing Arts . Manila. Mindshapers Co., Inc.
Zulueta, Francisco (2003). The Humanities (Revised Edition). Mandaluyong City. National Book Store inc.
Sanchez, Custodiosa A., Abad, Paz F., & Jao, Loreto V. (2002). Introduction to the Humanities (Revised Edition). Q.C. Rex
Printing Company Inc.

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