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Implement Spanning Tree Protocols: LAN Switching and Wireless - Chapter 5
Implement Spanning Tree Protocols: LAN Switching and Wireless - Chapter 5
Tree Protocols
ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Objectives
1. Redundancy & Issues with Redundancy.
2. Spanning Tree Algorithm operation.
3. PVST+, RSTP and Rapid PVST+
4. Configuring rapid PVST+ NEW
5. Design STP for Trouble Avoidance NEW
6. Troubleshoot STP Operation
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
Part one
ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
5.1.1 Redundancy
Layer 2 redundancy improves the availability of the
network by implementing alternate network paths by
adding equipment and cabling.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
Need for Redundancy
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
Need for Redundancy
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
Need for Redundancy
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
Need for Redundancy
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
Need for Redundancy
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
Redundancy issues
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Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20
Redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21
Redundancy issues
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Redundancy issues
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5.1.2 Issues with Redundancy
Broadcast storm can cause the end device to malfunction
because of the high processing requirements for sustaining
such a high traffic load on the network interface card.
Loops result in high CPU load on all switches caught in the
loop.
Because devices connected to a network are constantly
sending out broadcast frames, such as ARP requests, a
broadcast storm can develop in seconds.
A host caught in a network loop is not accessible to other
hosts on the network. Because the MAC address table is
constantly changing with the updates from the broadcast
frames, the switch does not know which port to forward the
unicast frames out to reach the final destination
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24
5.1.3 Real-world redundancy issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25
5.1.3 Real-world redundancy issues
Describe how redundancy can disable a hierarchical
network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26
Redundancy
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27
Part two
ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28
Using spanning tree protocol (STP)
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29
Using spanning tree protocol (STP)
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 30
Using spanning tree protocol (STP)
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31
Using spanning tree protocol (STP)
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32
Spanning Tree Operation
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 33
The STP Root Bridge
•Reference point
•One root per VLAN
•Maintains topology
•Propagates timers
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 34
Using spanning tree protocol (STP)
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35
Four-Step decision Sequence
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 36
How STP select the root bridge?
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 37
Bridge ID
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 38
Spanning tree path cost
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 39
Spanning tree path cost
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What is the BPDU?
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 41
BPDU Fields
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 42
BPDU Process
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BPDU Process
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BPDU Process
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BPDU Process
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BPDU Process
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BPDU Process
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BPDU Process
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BPDU Process
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BPDU Process
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Port Roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 52
Definitions of each port role
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 53
Definitions of each port role
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 54
How STP select the root port?
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 55
How STP choose the designated &
blocked ports ?
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 56
Port Roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 57
Port Roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 58
Port Roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 59
Port Roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 60
Port Roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 61
Port Roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 62
Port Roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 63
STP Port states
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 64
STP Port states
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 65
STP Port states
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 66
Spanning Tree Port States
1. Disabled: - No cable is connected.
- Port is shut down
2. Blocked : - Doesn’t transmit or receive data frames.
- Listen to received BPDUs.
- Doesn’t transmit BPDUs.
3. Listening: - Doesn’t transmit or receive data frames.
- Process BPDUs for Root, RP,DP election.
- First forward delay time=15 sec.
4. Learning: - Doesn’t transmit data frames.
- Drops the received data frames but after learning the
source Mac.
- Process BPDUs for Root, RP,DP election.
- Second forward delay time=15 sec.
5. Forwarding: - Start forwarding data frames
- Process BPDUs.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 67
Spanning Tree Port States
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 68
Spanning tree timers
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 69
Spanning tree timers
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 70
STP Timers
The time values given for each state are the default values.
These values have been calculated on an assumption that there
will be a maximum of seven switches in any branch of the
spanning tree from the root bridge.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 71
TCN
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 72
Topology change notification
At change :
If the root bridge goes down all other switches go to blocking
state for 20 sec then go for listening state for 15 sec then
to learning state for 15 sec then forwarding state
so convergence will take 50 sec.
If any other change happened all routers goes directly for
listening state for 15 sec then to learning state for 15 sec
then forwarding state
so convergence will take 30 sec.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 73
Spanning tree enhancements
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 74
Spanning tree enhancements
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 75
5.3 STP Convergence
Define convergence for a switched network and
summarize the 3 step process STP uses to create a
loop free topology
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 76
Part three
ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 77
Cisco and STP Variants
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 78
Implement per VLAN Spanning Tree in a
LAN
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 79
PVST+ Bridge ID
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 80
default spanning-tree configuration
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 81
Configure PVST+
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 82
Configure PVST+
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 83
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 84
RSTP port states
Describe the RSTP port states and port roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 85
RSTP Port Roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 86
RSTP edge ports
Describe RSTP edge ports
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 87
RSTP port states
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 88
RSTP Proposal or Agreement Process
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 90
Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 91
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 92