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The Digital Image Enhancement May Be Defined As
The Digital Image Enhancement May Be Defined As
The Digital Image Enhancement May Be Defined As
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT
The digital image enhancement may
be defined as some mathematical
operation that are to be applied to
digital remote sensing input data to
improve the visual appearance of
an image for better interpretability
or subsequent digital analysis.
Image enhancement
The aim of digital enhancement is
to amplify these slight differences
for better clarity of the image
scene. This means digital
enhancement increases the
separability (contrast) between the
interested classes or features.
Continue……………..
• To improve the visual interpretability of an
image by increasing the apparent/noticeable
distinction between the features of the scene.
• This objective is to create new image from the
original image in order to increase the amount
of information that can be visually interpreted
from the data.
• Enhancement operations are normally applied
to image data after the appropriate restoration
procedures have been performed.
The common problems that can be remove by
image enhancement-
• When image data are acquired, the detected energy does not
necessarily fill the entire grey level range that the sensor is
capable of. This can result in a large concentration of values in
a small region of grey levels producing an image with very little
contrast among the features.
Contrast Stretching
of bins.
• Linear Stretch
Linear stretch between a lower and a upper
value
0 255
Image Contrast
• Dark
Frequency
• Little CONTRAST
between features
0 255
• Brighter
Frequency
• More CONTRAST between
features
0 255
Image Contrast
Frequency
0 255
Dark Bright
Stretching Image Histograms
• Fits the narrow range
Frequency
of raw data… IMAGE
…into the larger range of the
display device 0 255
Frequency
SCREEN
0 255
Linear Contrast Stretch
• Stretches the range of data from the lower
values to the higher values so there is higher
contrast when an image is displayed
Frequency
s s m ms s
0 255
Linear stretch
Example of linear stretching
Histogram Equalization (or uniform
distribution stretch): Input pixels are
redistributed to produce a uniform
population density of pixels along the
output axis, which results in the output
histogram having a wide spacing of bins (all
pixels having the same DN) in the center of
the distribution curve and a close spacing of
the less-populated bins at the head and tail
of the histogram.
Original Image with no contrast enhancement
Linear contrast Stretch
Contrast Stretching
Contrast Stretching
• Linear stretch:
DN' ( MAX
DN MIN
MIN
)255
Where
DN’= Digital no. assigned to pixel in output image
DN= Original DN of pixel in input image
Minimum value of input image (0)
MIN=
MAX=Maximum value of input image (255)
Spatial filtering
B: Kernel or neighborhood
Numerical Filters-Low Pass Filters