LTE1203 - Load Based Power Saving With TX Path Switching Off

Load based power saving with tx path
switching off
LTE1203
Network Engineering Information

• Krzysztof Golebiewski
• 04-05-2016
Please always check the latest version of the NEI slides!
1 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

For internal use
Disclaimer
• Please note that the NEI materials are for internal use only. If they shall be used as a source for
the customer presentation, it is mandatory to align the contents with the Product Management
and/or local sales teams at first!
• The results of simulations shown in this presentation are examples only. They demonstrate
trends (not absolute values) expected after feature activation. The presented simulations should
be analyzed with respect to the assumptions taken. They may differ from results achievable in
real networks.
• This NEI slide deck reflects the state of the feature/solution as it is at the moment of the NEI
slide deck release and is being updated up to C5 (release available) milestone.

For internal use
LTE1203 Load based power saving with tx path switching off
Table of contents
Introduction Technical Inter – Benefits and Configuration Deployment

Details dependencies Gains Management Aspects
Motivation and Feature Detailed Functionality Simulation, Lab and Field Parameters and
Interdependencies with Activation, Configuration
Overview Description Findings Parameterization
other features and Examples, Fault Mgmt,
Simulation, Lab and Scenarios
functions Trial Area
1 Field Findings
Performance
Aspects
Counters and KPIs,
Feature Impact Analysis
and Verification

For internal use
Introduction
Table of contents

For internal use
Introduction
Top energy savings features in LTE
FL15A/TL15A:LTE1103
Load-based Power Saving for Multi-Layered Networks

NEI materials
FL16:LTE1891
eNode B power saving - Micro DTX

NEI materials
FL16/TL16:LTE1203
Load based Power Saving with Tx path switching off Note: Outlined energy savings features are designed
to reduce eNB energy consumption
Note: As LTE1203 enhances algorithm already implemented for LTE1103, it is highly recommended to be familiarized with LTE1103 before reading NEI for LTE1203.

For internal use
Introduction
LTE1203 in a nutshell
Main idea: Normal Operation vs Energy saving

Automatic TX paths switching off and on, according to the load
X-pol. antennas
X-pol. antennas
measured in the Power Group X X X X
X X X X
X X X X
X X X X
Benefit:
RF Module RF Module
Energy savings  OPEX savings
When applicable:
Low load during a period defined by Operator / or \  TX is off
/ or \  TX is on
antenna elements

For internal use
Introduction
Scope of LTE1203
LTE1203 enables automatic carrier TX paths switching off
Example: 6TX RFM
Radio unit TX path can handle one or more carriers
Each carrier can be transmitted over one or more radio unit TX paths (depends on TX/RX TX/RX TX/RX TX/RX TX/RX TX/RX
cell configuration, examples: 1TX2RX, 2TX2RX, 4TX4RX etc.) 6 Radio unit TX paths
Each radio unit TX path is handled by dedicated Power Amplifier
Power Amplifier is switched off automatically when there is no carrier

to be handled by given radio unit TX path. Functionality of RF module
Not a part of LTE1203
Note: As one Power Amplifier can handle more than one carrier (example: LTE2019
Advanced Dual Carrier Operation within same RF Unit), carrier TX path switch off does not necessarily mean that Power
amplifier is switched off.

For internal use
Introduction
Background
Depending on the cell configuration, one or more Energy saving

radio unit transmitting paths (TXs) can be used to
X-pol. antennas
X X
provide DL signal to end users X X
X X
• The more the transmitting paths, the higher gain in, X X
e.g., cell DL throughput is expected (higher cell RF Module

capacity)
• The more the transmitting paths, the more
energy is consumed to power up each of power
amplifiers (PA)
Number of active TX paths is the
trade off between the cell capacity
and power consumption
For internal use
Introduction
Radio unit power consumption
biggest component of possible power consumption; strictly

NOTE
Expected power savings vary for
depends on configuration, users activity etc.
different RF module types
Part of this component can be saved in case of switching off
TX paths Power consumed to
LTE1203 scope transmit user data
Gains in the shape of reduced
energy consumption can appear
part of this component can be saved in case of switching off in selected blocks. Max gains
TX paths can be achieved by
LTE1203 scope combination of LTE1203 and
Power consumed to
transmit signaling and automatic Power Amplifier
PA bias can be saved if all carrier TX paths handled by PA are
control channels switching off. The latter is an
switched off. LTE1203 is targeted to switch off part of carrier
TX paths thus some PA(s) can be switched off
embedded radio unit
PA(s) bias functionality.
savings can be triggered as a result of LTE1203 power action
thus part of this component can be saved
Idle
not consumed only if RF module switched off
Note: Picture reflects total Radio unit power consumption

For internal use
Introduction
Motivation
LTE1203 is expected to bring OPEX savings as a result of reduced energy consumed by Radio
Modules
• Reduction of the number of active TX
paths that are handling DL transmissions
during the low load, leads to the reduction Normal operation Power savings
of energy consumed by transmission of TX path TX path
W W
user load, signaling as well as energy
needed to power up the Power Amplifier,
i.e. (PA) bias part
Power consumption in Idle, energy consumed

always when Radio Module is on
PA bias part, energy consumed always when there
is TX to be handled
Power consumption related to transmission of signaling
part (control channels or reference signals transmission) Example: 1 cell, 4TX4RX sector configuration. One 4TX Radio Remote
Power consumption related to transmission of user data, Head handling single cell.
depends on configuration, data activity etc.

For internal use
Introduction
Motivation
LTE1203 is expected to bring OPEX savings as a result of reduced Power savings

energy consumed by Radio Modules TX path
• Opportunity to switch off some carrier TX paths appears during W
the low load in a cell

− Cell with reduced number of carrier TX paths offers lower DL
average cell TP
• If there is no more carriers handled by given PA, it will
be switched off automatically what in turn leads to 4TX Radio Remote Head (4TX cell configuration)
energy consumption reduction of PA bias part Power consumption in Idle, energy consumed
always when Radio Module is on
PA bias part, energy consumed always when there is
TX to be handled
Power consumption related to transmission of signaling
part (control channels or reference signals transmission)
Power consumption related to transmission of user data,
depends on configuration, data activity etc.

For internal use
Introduction
Motivation
LTE1203 can be activated as a standalone feature or can be

Frequency layer 1
used as a complement for LTE1103
Frequency layer 2
• LTE1203 reuses huge part of algorithm already
Frequency layer 3
implemented for LTE1103
• When LTE1103 is deactivated and LTE1203 is Power Group 1
activated: LTE1203
− LTE1203 is controlling number of active carrier TX paths in all controlled
cells belonging to power group LTE1203
controlled LTE1203
− As cell with reduced number of active TX paths is still operational, controlled
LTE1203 can be found useful in single layer networks
Power Group 3
• Cell reconfiguration 8TX2TX does not require cell reset thus no Power Group 2
service break is experienced
• Other cell reconfigurations (4TX2TX as well as 2TX1TX)
require cell reset – short service break might be a consequence

For internal use
Introduction
Motivation
LTE1203 can be activated as a standalone feature or

can be used as a complement for LTE1103 Frequency layer 1
Frequency layer 2
• When LTE1103 and LTE1203 are activated:
Frequency layer 3
− LTE1103 is controlling all but the last cell in the
power group Power Group 1
− LTE1203 is controlling number of active carrier
TX paths in the last cell(s) of power group only LTE1103
LTE1103 controlled
controlled
• Note: The last cell(s) is the cell with the highest value of LTE1203 controlled
cell switch off order (see slide # for more details) LTE1203 LTE1103 controlled
controlled
• When LTE1203 is activated together with LTE1103, the LTE1203 controlled
last cell(s) is no longer a subject of switching off for Power Group 3
LTE1103 Power Group 2

For internal use
Introduction
Before & after – LTE1203
Before After
• There was no LTE feature that could bring energy • Operator is able to activate a feature that will
savings by controllable switching off and switching reduce operational costs (OPEX), thanks to the
on carrier TX paths controlled reduction of enabled carrier TX paths
during the low load
• BTS always offered full set of configured carrier TX
paths in each enabled cell • LTE1203 can be used as a standalone feature as
• Operator was able to use LTE1103 that is designed well as complement for LTE1103
to switch off carriers completely in controllable way • When activated together, LTE1103 is targeted to switch
during the low load off and switch on all but the last cell(s) in Power
Group. LTE1203 controls the number of enabled TX
• LTE1103 is targeted to reduce energy consumption in paths in the last cell(s) of Power Group
multi layered networks for all but not necessarily the last
cell(s); more details can be found in Deployment Aspect • LTE1203 can be used in single layer networks to reduce
section energy consumption during the low load

For internal use
Technical Details
Table of contents

For internal use
Technical Details Sales information
Dependency Table (LTE) BSW/ASW ASW
Release information - macro
FDD LTE RL release eNodeB NetAct
Release/version FDD-LTE16 FL16 NetAct 16.2
TDD LTE RL release eNodeB NetAct

Release/version TD-LTE16 TL16 NetAct 16.2
Release information – micro/pico/controller

Flexi Zone Micro/Pico
RL release eNodeB NetAct
(FZM/FZP)
Release/version N/A N/A N/A
Flexi Zone Controller (FZC) RL release eNodeB NetAct

Release/version N/A N/A N/A
Release information – general

HW & IOT HW requirements MME SAE GW UE Specified by 3GPP
N/A FSMr3 N/A N/A N/A N/A
For internal use
Technical Details
Power Group (PG) concept
LTE1203 similar to LTE1103, operates on the basis of
Not allowed scenario
cell subsets called Power Groups cells cover the same area but
belong to different eNBs
Cells can be assigned to the

same Power Group if: Power
- cover the same area Group 1
- belong to the same eNB
Not allowed scenario
cells must cover the same area
Power
Group 3 Power
Group 2
• One cell can be assigned to only one Power Group

• Power Group may contain one or more cells
• Cells can be assigned to Power Groups either manually by the operator or automatically by iSON Manager

For internal use
Technical Details
MO class: Power Saving Group (1/2) Legend:
PSGRP Power Saving Group
structures
parameters
Power saving group identifier (ps
Grp
Id)
Load-based power saving period list(lbpsPeriodList)
day of week (lbpsDayOfWeek)
start time hour (lbpsStartTimeHour)
start time minute (lbpsStartTimeMinute)
duration (lbpsDuration) Meaning of the parameters is explained
Load-Based Power Saving Suspended (lbpsSuspended) further in NEI and in PKDB
power saving cell list (lbpsCellList )
Note:
cell switch off order (lbpsCellSOOrder) PSGRP structure and their parameters are introduced by
LTE1103 and mostly reused by LTE1203. Additionally,
LTE cell configuration identifier (lnCelId)
PSGRP is enhanced with some new parameters used by
last cell switch off enabled (lbpsLastCellSOEnabled) LTE1203 only.
19
… continued on next slide …
© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014
For internal use
Technical Details
MO class: Power Saving Group (2/2)
PSGRP Power Saving Group
… continued from previous slide …

Load-based power saving iSON control enabled (lbpsISONCtlEnabled)
Load-based power saving last cell minimum load (lbpsLastCellMinLoad)
Load-based power saving maximum load (lbpsMaxLoad)
Load-based power saving minimum load (lbpsMinLoad)
Load-based power saving PDCCH load offset (lbpsPdcchLoadOffset)
Load-based power saving last cell reduced TX min load (lbpsLastCellRTXMinLoad)
Added
Load-basedpowersavingreducedTXcellcapacityoffset (lbps
RT
XCell
Cap
Offset)
with
Load-basedpowersavingreducedTXmaximumload (lbps
RT
XMax
Load)
Load-basedpowersavingreducedTXminimumload (lbps
RT
XMin
Load)
LTE1203

For internal use
Technical Details
Power Group parameterization
Each Power Group is configured independently

Power savings actions triggered by either LTE1103 or Power Load
LTE1203 can happen only in Power Saving Periods and in Group 1
low load conditions defined for considered Power Group.
Power Time
Group 3Load
Load Load
thresholds
Power
Group 2
Time
Power Saving Periods

Time

For internal use
Technical Details
Power saving (PS) actions
The way how LTE1103 and LTE1203 achieve energy savings is different
LTE1103: LTE1203:
Feature switches off candidate cell completely Feature switches only selected TX paths in the candidate
• Cell that is switched off is non-operational, i.e. UEs cell
cannot use this cell at all • Supported carrier TX paths reconfigurations
• Graceful cell shutdown is used to force UEs to do cell 1) 4TX  2TX [FDD/TDD] : cell reset needed
reselection or handover to different cells when cell is 2) 2TX  1TX [FDD/TDD] : cell reset needed
being switched off 3) 8TX  2TX [TDD only] : cell reset not needed
Note that 4TX  1TX is not supported. Cell that has 4TX
already reduced to 2TX is not a candidate for further 2TX1TX
reduction
• Reduction in number of active TX paths may lead to change
of the transmission mode
• Cell that is in reduced energy saving state is operational
however it offers smaller average DL cell TP
For internal use
Technical Details
LTE1103 and LTE1203 algorithm, how it works?
For each Power Group
State of power saving period is checked When power saving period is active
Every 10 seconds eNB checks if: eNB:

• (at least one) Power Saving Period is active • checks the aggregated load within the PG
(local time within defined period) • triggers proper action (when needed):
• current Power Saving Period is not suspended • if 'low load' is detected, eNB selects candidate cell
(PSGRP:lbpsPeriodList:lbpsSuspended = false) according to cell switch off order for:
• switch off (PS action for cells controlled by LTE1103)
• reconfiguration – number of carrier TX paths is reduced (PS
action for cells controlled by LTE1203)
• if 'high load' is detected, eNB selects candidate cell(s)
according to cell switch off order for:
• switch on (Capacity recovery action for cells controlled by
LTE1103)
• reconfiguration – all carrier TX paths are enabled (Capacity
recovery action for cells controlled by LTE1203)
For internal use
Technical Details
Power saving period and suspension
A new managed object class

PSGRP One per each Power Group
Power Saving Group
Load-based power saving period list(lbpsPeriodList)

Operator decides when LTE1103/LTE1203
day of week (lbpsDayOfWeek) power saving actions can take place by
specifying the Power Saving Period(s)
start time hour (lbpsStartTimeHour)
start time minute (lbpsStartTimeMinute) Operator can define multiple
Power Saving Periods by creating new
duration (lbpsDuration) PSGRP:lbpsPeriodList structures
Load-Based Power Saving Suspended (lbpsSuspended)
LTE1103 and LTE1203 are allowed to trigger
Operator can disable power saving for the Power Group power savings actions only when the local time
for the specific Power Saving Period. is within the Power Saving Period
Note: Operator must set
PSGRP:lbpsPeriodList:lbpsSuspended = false
to allow power saving during that period again.
For internal use
Technical Details
Power saving period - example
Power Saving Period 1:

PSGRP Starts on Mondays at 22:00, active for two hours
Load-based power saving period list(lbpsPeriodList) List 1 List 2

day of week (lbpsDayOfWeek) Mon (1) Tue (2)
start time hour (lbpsStartTimeHour) 22 22
start time minute (lbpsStartTimeMinute) 0 30
duration (lbpsDuration) 120 180
Load-Based Power Saving Suspended (lbpsSuspended) notSuspended (0) notSuspended (0)
Power Saving Period 2:

Starts on Tuesdays at 22:30, active for three hours

For internal use
Technical Details
Suspension
Operator can temporarily deactivate Power

Saving Period (PSP) (without deleting it)
• When the suspension is on One PSGRP per
(PSGRP:lbpsPeriodList:lbpsSuspended = true), the Power Group
full Power Group capacity is reverted back
− All cells switched off by LTE1103 are switched on
− All TXs switched off by LTE1203 are switched on Multiple Power Saving
• It is checked every 10 seconds if Power Saving Period Periods per PSGRP
is suspended or not (PSGRP:lbpsSuspended =
true/false)
Every Power Saving Period
has suspension switch PSGRP:lbpsPeriodList:lbpsSuspended
= true/false

For internal use
Technical Details
Suspension
Let us consider the following scenario

• For particular Power Group two Power Saving Periods have been configured
• Within a Power Group there are some cells that are switched off as well as there are cells with disabled TXs
• During the overlapping time operator sets PSGRP:lbpsSuspended=true for Power Saving Period A.
For Power Saving Period B it remains unchanged (PSGRP:bpsSuspended=false)
overlapping time
Note: cells may be switch off based on
load during the non-overlapping duration
Power Saving Power Saving of Period B
Period A Period B
time
Power Saving Period A PSGRP:lbpsSuspended=true
Result: Power Saving Period B PSGRP:lbpsSuspended=false
• Suspension has higher priority and takes effect during the overlapping time for all defined Power Saving Periods
• All disabled cells and TXs are being enabled

For internal use
Technical Details
LTE1103 and LTE1203 algorithm, how it works?
For each Power Group
State of power saving period is checked When power saving period is active
Every 10 seconds eNB checks if: eNB:

• (at least one) Power Saving Period is active • checks the aggregated load within the PG
(local time within defined period) • triggers proper action (when needed):
• current Power Saving Period is not suspended • if 'low load' is detected, eNB selects candidate cell
(PSGRP:lbpsPeriodList:lbpsSuspended = false) according to cell switch off order for:
• switch off (PS action for cells controlled by LTE1103)
• reconfiguration – number of carrier TX paths is reduced (PS
action for cells controlled by LTE1203)
• if 'high load' is detected, eNB selects candidate cell(s)
according to cell switch off order for:
• switch on (Capacity recovery action for cells controlled by
LTE1103)
• reconfiguration – all carrier TX paths are enabled (Capacity
recovery action for cells controlled by LTE1203)
For internal use
Technical Details
Measuring the aggregated load in Power Group
For each cell in the Power Group Based on that eNB determines Max value from Power Group
eNB monitors following Power Group level load components level load components is
cell level load components compared with threshold
• avg. GBR load averaged • PG GBR load PSGRP:lbpsRTXMinLoad
• PG non GBR load values in range 0%
• avg. Non-GBR load every 10
• PG PDCCH load - 100 %
• avg. PDCCH load seconds
cell level Power Group level

compare with threshold
load components load components
avg. GBR load

avg. Non-GBR load
avg. PDCCH load PG GBR load max Power Group level load component
PG non GBR load ≤
avg. GBR load PG PDCCH load PSGRP:lbpsRTXMinLoad
avg. Non-GBR load
avg. PDCCH load
If the condition is met for 5 minutes procedure continues and candidate cell for switching off TXs is selected
Note that for LTE1203 load measurements are the same as in LTE1103, however different thresholds have been defined
For internal use
Technical Details
Power saving period – example
1. 2. 3. POWER SAVING ACTION 4.
outside Power Saving Period entering Power Saving Period load below PSGRP:lbpsRTXMinLoad for 5 exiting Power Saving Period – TX paths are
all cells operate normally measured load above PSGRP:lbpsRTXMinLoad min  Number of active TXs can be switched on despite low load
energySavingState = notEnergySaving energySavingState = notEnergySaving reduced energySavingState = notEnergySaving
energySavingState=reducedEnergySaving
load
Power
PSGRP:lbpsRTXMaxLoad Saving Period
PSGRP:lbpsRTXMinLoad
aggregated load in Power
Group
A B C 5 min D E
start of power saving period time
PSGRP:lbpsPeriodList:lbpsDayOfWeek PSGRP:lbpsPeriodList:lbpsDuration
PSGRP:lbpsPeriodList:lbpsStartTimeHour
PSGRP:lbpsPeriodList:lbpsStartTimeMinute All carrier TX paths are switched on in:
A and E : outside Power Saving Period
B : inside Power Saving Period but load above lbpsRTXMinLoad threshold
C : inside Power Saving Period, load below lbpsRTXMinLoad threshold – start 5
min timer
For internal use LTE1203 can reduce number of active TX paths in:
D : all conditions fulfilled
Technical Details
Power saving period – example 2
1. 2. POWER SAVING ACTION 3. CAPACITY RECOVERY ACTION
outside Power Saving Period within Power Saving Period load above PSGRP:lbpsMaxLoad for 2 min
all cells operate normally despite low load load below PSGRP:lbpsRTXMinLoad for 5 min
energySavingState = notEnergySaving  number of active TX paths reduced energySavingState = notEnergySaving
energySavingState = reducedEnergySaving
load
PSGRP:lbpsRTXMaxLoad
Power
A B C 2 min
D Saving Period E
time
All carrier TX paths are switched on in: LTE1203 can reduce number of active TX paths in:
A and E : outside Power Saving Period B : all conditions fulfilled during 5 min
D : inside Power Saving Period but load above C : load above lbpsRTXMaxLoad threshold –
lbpsRTXMinLoad threshold start 2 min timer

For internal use
Technical Details
LTE1203 – Low load and high load
Load in each Power Group is measured and compared against load thresholds
'Low load' - measured load in the cell is below Min Load Threshold
(PSGRP:lbpsRTXMinLoad/PSGRP:lbpsLastCellRTXMinLoad)
'High load' - measured load in the cell is above Max Load Threshold
(PSGRP:lbpsRTXMaxLoad)
High load conditions, capacity recovery action
is needed, if there are still
Power Load resources reduced due to power savings
Group 1
Load in the cell is 'balanced' no LTE1203 action
Max Load Threshold is needed
Min Load Threshold
Low load conditions, power saving action
Time
Power Saving Period is possible as number of active resources
exceeds traffic needs

For internal use
Technical Details
Cells switch off order
Order of cells’ power saving and capacity recovery actions is determined by the lbpsCellSOOrder in
PSGRP:lbpsCellList structure
• Inside one Power Group values of
PSGRP:lbpsCellSOOrder have to be unique PSGRP
- exception is PSGRP:lbpsCellSOOrder = 100 power saving cell list (lbpsCellList)
• Power saving actions (switching off cells and carrier cell switch off order (lbpsCellSOOrder)
LTE cell configuration identifier (lnCelId)
TX paths) are done one-by-one (cell by cell) with
last cell switch off enabled (lbpsLastCellSOEnabled)
exception of the last cell(s) which can be switched off
together
- Power savings actions towards cells in power group are triggered
according to ascending lbpsCellSOOrder
PSGRP:lbpsCellSOOrder can be assigned manually
• Capacity recovery actions (switching on cells and carrier by the Operator or by iSON Manager. iSON
TX paths) are more aggressive – number of cells needed to optimization algorithm is not available for
revert back missing estimated capacity is restored at once LTE1203 yet, thus manual adjustmensts may be
- Capacity recovery actions towards cells in power group are needed (see slide # for more details)
triggered according to descending lbpsCellSOOrder
For internal use
abbreviation meaning
ETWS Earthquake & Tsunami Warning System

Technical Details CMAS Commercial Mobile Alert System
Selecting the candidate cell for PS action (1/2)
Monitoring the load Building the candidate list:

If the load condition is met for 5 consecutive all cells with administrativeState = locked are skipped;
minutes the eNB selects candidate cell cells are ordered by lbpsCellSOOrder (ascending)
The lower the lbpsCellSOOrder value on

Three layered Power Group (PSGRP) lbpsCellList the earlier candidate for
power saving action a given cell is
lbpsCellList Cell 1 will be selected as candidate cell if all
below conditions are true:
Cell 1 lnCelId = 1 lbpsCellSOOrder = 10
• Does not have ETWS or CMAS messages
Cell 2 lnCelId = 2 lbpsCellSOOrder = 20 in queue
• Does not have an emergency call in progress

For internal use
Technical Details
Selecting the candidate cell for PS action (2/2)
Example: Building candidate lists

Algorithm have selected candidate cell but:
• an active emergency call is being handled by this cell
or
• there are queued ETWS/CMAS messages for this cell
• Cell 1 selected as a candidate for power

saving eNB does not take any power saving action for this cell
• There is ongoing emergency call in that
cell
eNB does not select next cell from candidates list
• eNB does not trigger any power saving
action for Cell 1;
Cell 2 or Cell 3 are not selected as a new If the emergency call or broadcast of ETWS/CMAS message in
candidate
• eNB checks every 10 seconds if the
candidate cell is finished and other conditions (like time, low
emergency call has been finished load) are still fulfilled power saving action will be triggered
• Emergency call in Cell 1 is finished;
all other criteria are met
• Power saving action toward Cell 1 can
be triggered by eNB

For internal use
Technical Details
The last cell in the Power Group
Cell(s) with the highest assigned value of lbpsCellSOOrder is the last cell(s) in the Power Group
Three layered Power Group (PSGRP) Power Saving State
lbpsCellList
Cell 1 lnCelId = 1 lbpsCellSOOrder = 10 LNCEL:energySavingState = energySaving
Cell 2 lnCelId = 2 lbpsCellSOOrder = 20 LNCEL:energySavingState = energySaving
Cell 3 lnCelId = 3 lbpsCellSOOrder = 30 LNCEL:energySavingState = notEnergySaving
Note:
The last cell(s) can be assigned special value of lbpsCellSOOrder (100).
If so, multiple cells are the last cells in the Power Group.

For internal use
Technical Details
Power saving action towards the last cell(s) in Power Group
Whenever LTE1203 is activated (regardless of LTE1103

feature activation), the last cell(s) is always controlled Power Group 1
by LTE1203
• Power saving actions towards the last cell(s) are
PSGRP:lbpsLastCellSOEnabled parameter value
dependent
Power Group 3
- Number of active carrier TX paths in the last cell(s) Power Group 2
can only be reduced when
PSGRP:lbpsLastCellSOEnabled = true
The last cell(s) of Power

Groups can be candidates for
Power savings actions as well

For internal use
Technical Details
Power saving action towards the last cell(s) in Power Group
Whenever LTE1203 is activated (regardless of LTE1103 feature activation), the last cell(s) is always
controlled by LTE1203
• Number of active carrier TX paths can be reduced provided that the aggregated load in Power Group is
lower than separate threshold dedicated for the last cell(s) (PSGRP:lbpsLastCellRTXMinLoad)
load
Power Saving Period When LTE1103 and LTE1203

are activated together, the last
cell(s) is always controlled by
LTE1203
PSGRP:lbpsLastCellRTXMinLoad
time

For internal use
Technical Details
Power saving action towards the last cell(s) in Power Group - example
Every cell in the lbpsCellList has to be assigned

Three layered Power Group (PSGRP) unique PSGRP:lbpsCellSOOrder value.
Exception: it is allowed to assign multiple cells
lbpsCellList special value of lbpsCellSOOrder  100.
Cell 1 lnCelId = 1 lbpsCellSOOrder = 10 Each cell with special value of lbpsCellSOOrder is

the last cell.
In this example, last cells (Cell 2 and Cell 3) are
Cell 3 lnCelId = 3 lbpsCellSOOrder = 100 not a subject of power saving actions triggered by
LTE1203 at all as lbpsLastCellSOEnabled =
false
lbpsLastCellSOEnabled = false
When LTE1203 is activated and PSGRP:lbpsLastCellSOEnabled = true, number of active TX paths in Cell2 and
Cell3 can be reduced by eNB.
Note: in given example Cell 1 is assumed to be already switched off by LTE1103

For internal use
Technical Details
Estimation of LTE1203 action impact on power group
eNB controls the load in the Power Group. Before any LTE1203 action is taken (either Power Saving
or Capacity recovery), estimated impact on Power Group is checked
1) eNB calculates estimated load components
PG GBR load estimated
estimated Power Group level load components - reflect anticipated Power Group level
PG non GBR load estimated
load components after LTE1203 action
PG PDCCH load estimated
2) eNB checks if estimated PG load after LTE1203 action is below max load threshold (PSGRP:lbpsRTXMaxLoad)
• eNB is able to determine number of cells that
will be a subject of Capacity recovery action Note:
- eNB needs to bring back the missing capacity Max load threshold is checked before Power Saving action, because
as soon as possible after PS action, smaller number of active TX paths leads to reduced
• Power saving action can be triggered without average DL cell TP (reduced cell and power group capacity). As a
the risk of ping-pong consequence, as traffic stays the same, load increases and the same
cell could be a subject of capacity recovery in next LTE1203 action
(risk of ping-pongs)

For internal use
Technical Details
Example: Estimation of power saving action impact on power group
Cell 1 capacity in the shape of offered average DL cell TP is

CapCell1
AS:Cell 1 load decreased when number of active TX paths in the cell is reduced. At
BS:Cell 1 load
the same time total Power Group capacity is reduced. That is the
reason why load in cell 1 and in the power group will be increased
CapCell2 Cell 1 after TX path(s) switch off in Cell 1.
4TX  2TX AS:Cell 2 load
BS:Cell 2 load
AS:CapCell1= BS:CapCell1 * PSGRP:lbpsRTXCellCapOffset
CapCell3 AS:CapCell2= BS:CapCell2
BS:Cell 3 load AS:Cell 3 load AS:CapCell3= BS:CapCell3
Before TX path(s) switch off (BS) After TX path(s) switch off (AS)
BS:Cell 1 traffic + BS:Cell 2 traffic + BS:Cell 3 traffic = AS:Cell 1 traffic + AS:Cell 2 traffic + AS:Cell 3 traffic = total traffic
The lower the value of PSGRP:lbpsRTXCellCapOffset, the higher the anticipated impact on Power Group capacity is
assumed by LTE1203 after TX path(s) switch off.
Note: After TX path(s) switch off, load estimation done by LTE1203 within Power Group is based on assumption that UEs are not handed over to different
cells after TX path(s) switch off (load in Cell 2 and Cell 3 stays the same).
For internal use
Example detailed calculation can be found in the backup.

Technical Details abbreviation meaning
Conditions when number of active TXs can be reduced PG Power Group
ETWS Earthquake & Tsunami Warning System
X-pol. antennas
X X X X CMAS Commercial Mobile Alert System
X X X X 4TX2TX paths
X X X X
X X X X reduction
RF Module
and and and and
local time within Power Saving - no emergency calls - no BTS degraded alarm PG load below the
Power Saving Period is in cell - no cell degraded/faulty defined threshold
Period not suspended - no ETWS / CMAS alarm in PG (5 minutes)
broadcast in cell
- The load is being constantly measured

- Operator defines thresholds for TXs switching off and on
- Before carrier TX path switch off, it is estimated whether traffic can be handled by remaining cells inside
PG
For internal use
Technical Details
Reduction of number of active carrier TX paths
When low load conditions are fulfilled, eNB may trigger cell reconfiguration to save the energy. For
4TX2TX as well as 2TX1TX reconfiguration, a cell reset is needed.
LNCEL:cellBarred = LNCEL:energySavingState Cell LNCEL:cellBarred = Cell Energy saving state

LNCEL:energySavingState =
barred = switchingOffRTX switching off notBarred switching on
reducedEnergySaving
Cell reset procedure is based on LTE914 - Graceful Cell Shutdown

feature:
X-pol. antennas
• eNB gradually reduces the downlink power

X X X X
X X X X • UEs are smoothly steered to other cells
X X X X • Note that there are limited number of TX power levels that
X X X X each Radio unit is able to handle.
cell
UEs that are close to the antenna(s) may not be handed over
reset to another cell during graceful cell switch off. They will be
RF Module dropped at the end of the grace period
• After cell switch off, some users can be handled by the
remaining cells of the Power Group
time

For internal use
Technical Details
Conditions for cell/TXs switching on
eNB determines cell candidate(s) for
switch on procedure to restore lost
The maximum value of Power Group capacity
An enabled cell within Power Group
level load components is bigger than: The switch on is performed in reverse
becomes disabled
LTE1103: PSGRP:lbpsMaxLoad or manually by the Operator order than switch off:
LTE1203: PSGRP:lbpsRTXMaxLoad the greater value of
or automatically by the eNB
for two consecutive minutes PSGRP:lbpsCellSOOrder
the higher the priority
Active cell alarm All cells/TXs

Local time Active BTS
Operator has (severity: within Power
outside all active alarm Site reset was
Power Saving
or suspended the or (severity:
or degraded or or performed
Group are switched
power savings faulty) in Power on
Periods degraded)
Group at once
Note: Power saving actions in the shape of cell switch off or number of active TX paths reduction is done one by one (exception: last cell(s) can
be switched off together). When it comes to capacity recovery (switching on cells or TXs), number of cells that is needed to provide missing
estimated capacity is recovered at once.

For internal use
Technical Details
Increase of number of active carrier TX paths
When high load conditions are fulfilled, eNB may trigger cell reconfiguration to recover the cell resources. For
2TX4TX as well as 1TX2TX reconfiguration, a cell reset is needed.
LNCEL:cellBarred = LNCEL:energySavingState Cell LNCEL:cellBarred = Cell Energy saving state

LNCEL:energySavingState =
barred = switchingOnRTX switching off notBarred switching on
notEnergySaving
Cell reset procedure is based on LTE914 - Graceful Cell Shutdown

feature:
X-pol. antennas
• eNB gradually reduces the downlink power

X X X X
X X X X • UEs are smoothly steered to other cells
X X X X • Note that there are limited number of TX power levels that
X X X X each Radio unit is able to handle.
cell
UEs that are close to the antenna(s) may not be handed over to
reset another cell during graceful cell switch off. They will be
RF Module dropped at the end of the grace period
time

For internal use
Technical Details
Cell states
Energy saving features added several new cell states (LNCEL:energySavingState)

When cell is switched on and fully
FL15A with LTE1103 FL16 with LTE1203 operational (all TXs are enabled) then
notEnergySaving is reported.
LNCEL:energySavingState LNCEL:energySavingState
• energySaving • energySaving Cell that is switched off by LTE1103 is
• notEnergySaving • notEnergySaving identifiable by energySaving state while cell
• reducedEnergySaving with reduced number of active TX path(s)
• switchingOff* due to LTE1203 is assigned
• switchingOffRTX reducedEnergySaving state
• switchingOnRTX
Switching off and switching on TXs takes some time. These cell states are also *Cell switching off process, initiated by
reflected as switchingOffRTX and switchingOnRTX state respectively LTE1103, is indicated as switchingOff state.
switchingOff state is added in FL16 but it
concerns LTE1103 in fact.

For internal use
Technical Details
Reduction of number of active TXs vs Transmission Modes (TM)
Change in the number of active carrier TXs paths may lead to the TM change
• Transmission mode depends directly on number of TXs on the eNB as well as UE capabilities (number of RX
antennas)
• Reduced number of active TXs on eNB may lead to change of TM, as shown in table below
Initial TX Reduced TX
Config
TM
Config
TM Notes:
TDD only
8TX TM7/8/9 2TX TM3 1) Change 8TX-2TX and vice versa can be done online as dynamic TM
FDD/TDD Outdoor switching is available for 8TX configurations (LTE1013 - Dynamic
4TX TM9 2TX TM4 transmission mode switch)
4TX TM4 2TX TM4
4TX TM2 2TX TM2 2) Cell reconfigurations 4TX-2TX, 2TX-1TX, 1TX-2TX and 2TX-4TX
2TX TM3/4 1TX TM1 require cell reset
2TX TM2 1TX TM1 • After cell reconfiguration, UEs will be configured with the new proper
FDD Indoor only TM
2TX TM3 1TX TM1
2TX TM2 1TX TM1
Note: In the table there are max supported TM shown.

For internal use
Technical Details
iSON Manager
iSON support is ensured for LTE1103 however Minimum Coverage Overlap - inputs
optimization algorithm is not yet available for LTE1203
For LTE1103:
• Operator can decide whether the iSON Manager is enabled to control cell horizontal
the power group's cell membership and cell switch off priority order via beamwidth
θ
PSGRP:lbpsISONCtlEnabled parameter
r
• The iSON Manager is able to automatically assign cells to the Power
Groups based on Minimum Coverage Overlap percent cell radius φ
• The iSON Manager is able to set the cell switch off order (specified by LTE1821)
automatically based on:
cell azimuth
- Frequency Band priority
- Bandwidth priority Note that cell assignment to power groups, provided by
- iSON Manager, may be found useful for LTE1203.
Carrier Aggregation priority
As there is no optimization algorithm available for
- Cell center frequency LTE1203, cell switch off order may require further
manual adjustments.

For internal use
Interdependencies
Table of contents

For internal use
Interdependencies
extensions LTE1103 - Load based Power Saving for multi-layer

networks
• LTE1203 can be activated as a standalone feature but can also be used as a
complement for LTE1103
• When run together, LTE1103 controls all but the last cell(s) in Power Group
while LTE1203 is responsible for controlling number of active TXs in the last
cell(s) of Power Group

For internal use
Interdependencies
extensions LTE1841 - Inter-Frequency Load Equalization

LTE1841 can be used to equalize the load between cells
• When PS action is triggered by LTE1203, Graceful cell shutdown leads to traffic
shift to different frequency layers
• After cell reset, there might be no conditions for better cell handover. As a
result, UEs stay in different frequency layers
• Other frequency layers might become unproportionally loaded due to LTE1203
power saving action

For internal use
Interdependencies
LTE22 Emergency Call Handling

limitations
LTE1203 can be activated in parallel with the LTE22, however eNB is not allowed
to trigger any PS action if there is either active Emergency Call (EC) eNB:
• does not trigger any power saving action towards such cell
• does not select any other cell from the Power Group
When the EC is finished and all other conditions are fulfilled, eNB is allowed to
reduce active TX paths in the cell
Note: Between PS action decision made by LTE1203 and cell barring (start of PS action procedure)
there is around 20s of delay. If EC is establised during that time, it may be handed over to different
cell or dropped at the end of cell reset, when UE is close to the antennas at the end of Graceful cell
shutdown period.

For internal use
Interdependencies
LTE494 Commercial Mobile Alert System

limitations
LTE843 Earthquake & Tsunami Warning System
LTE1203 can be activated in parallel with the above features, however eNB is not
allowed to trigger any PS action if there are queued ETWS/CMAS messages
detected for that cell. eNB:
• does not trigger any power saving action towards such cell
• does not select any other cell from the Power Group
When the broadcast of ETWS/CMAS in that cell is finished and all other conditions
are fulfilled, eNB is allowed to reduce active TX paths in the cell
Note: Between PS action decision made by LTE1203 and cell barring (start of PS action procedure)
there is around 20s of delay. If ETWS/CMAS is queued during that time, it is broadcasted to the
end of Graceful cell shutdown period.

For internal use
Interdependencies
limitations RF Sharing features

LTE447, LTE435, LTE1556, LTE1829 and others
LTE1203 is not recommended to be used when RF sharing is in place
• There is no coordination of power savings actions between technologies
• RF sharing may impede power saving actions triggered by LTE1203
- As a result no reasonable gains might be recorded

For internal use
Interdependencies
limitations Carrier Aggregation features

LTE1089, LTE1332, LTE1558, LTE2006 and others
LTE1203 can be run in parallel with CA
• For 8TX cell configurations (TDD), no issues with CA are expected
• For cell initially configured as 4TX or 2TX (both FDD and TDD)
• When cell is already in reducedEnergyState, it can be neither PCell nor
Scell
− If SCell is reconfigured to smaller number of TX paths, UE disconnects from this
SCell and Carrier aggregation can continue operation with the remaining SCells
− If PCell is reconfigured to smaller number of TX paths, UE has to disconnect from
PCell and all associated SCells as well

For internal use
Interdependencies
limitations LTE1195 - FHCC Flexi 850 Repeater Interface Unit (RIU)

Cell that is built with the help of the repeater (RIU/RIM) cannot operate with
the reduced number of carrier TX paths, thus:
• If LTE1203 is activated while LTE1103 is deactivated:
− Each cell in the PG, that is built on RIU/RIM, must be configured to be the last
cell
− Parameter PSGRP:lbpsLastCellSOEnabled must be set to false
• If both LTE1103 and LTE1203 are activated:
− Either each cell, built on RIU/RIM, must not be the last cell in the PG (it will be controlled by
LTE1103) OR
− Each cell, built on RIU/RIM, must be configured to be the last cell in the PG and
parameter PSGRP:lbpsLastCellSOEnabled must be set to false

For internal use
Interdependencies
limitations SuperCell and Liquid cell features

LTE1542, LTE993, LTE1709
LTE1203 is mutually exclusive with Liquid cell and SuperCell features
• SuperCell as well as Liquid cell is composed of 2 cells that are assigned the
same PCI  they play a role of single cell
• Combination of subcells in SuperCell / Liquid cell features requires multiple
antennas thus reduction of number of active antennas for power saving would
make it contradictory

For internal use
Benefits and Gains
Table of contents

For internal use
Benefits and gains
General rules
LTE1203 is one of energy saving features available in Nokia portfolio

• With LTE1203 one can expect reduced Radio module energy
consumption - OPEX saving
• Power saving depends on the cell configuration and used HW
• LTE1203 can be used as a standalone feature, e.g. it addresses power
savings in single layer networks
- It is not recommended to allow LTE1103 to switch off the last
cell when it guarantees coverage (permanent service break until
the end of PSP may happen)
- In case of LTE1203, one should be aware of the short service
break during cell reconfiguration
• For 8TX TDD configurations, service break will not be experienced
• Service break impact depends on the cells overlapping
For internal use
Benefits and gains
General rules
LTE1203 is one of energy saving features available in Nokia portfolio

• With LTE1203 on top of LTE1103, there is a possibility to build power saving scenario for multilayered
networks where LTE coverage is guaranteed and improved energy savings are recorded
- LTE1103 controls all but the last cell(s), when possible, eNB switches off cells
Frequency layer 1
- LTE1203, that controls the last cell(s), provides improvement as during low load
eNB can reduce number of active TXs in the last cell(s), which leads to reduced Frequency layer 2
energy consumption while LTE coverage is guaranteed and no permanent service Frequency layer 3
break is experienced
Power Group 1
• Note that cell in reducedEnergySavings state is still operational
• Load in LTE cells that are part of PG is still monitored during PSP,
when needed, eNB is able to restore the capacity LTE1103
controlled
• Note: Short service break might be experienced when cell is being reset
LTE1203 LTE1103 controlled
controlled
LTE1203 controlled
Module Power Consumption Power Group 3
Power Group 2
Datasheet
For internal use
Benefits and gains
Energy savings calculations in typical scenarios (1/5)
LTE1203 is designed to provide energy savings in two typical scenarios*

Scenario 1: Single band configuration
• LTE1203 is enabled and configured
- 3 cells grouped in 3 sectors (one Power Group per each sector)
• 3 RF modules (3x FRHE that serve 2600 MHz)
RM: FRHE Cell 1 PA4 PA3 PA2 PA1 2600 MHz

2600MHz
Sector 2
Sector 3
Sector 1
SM: FSMF
Sector 1 Note that LTE1103 is not recommended to be used in

single layer networks – it is not recommended to allow
LTE1103 for switching off the last cell that guarantees
LTE coverage
*Note: other scenarios are not excluded
For internal use
Benefits and gains
Case1 Cell 1 PA4 PA3 PA2 PA1 2600 MHz Case2 Cell 1 PA4 PA3 PA2 PA1 2600 MHz
• all cells 20W Sector 1 • all cells 20W Sector 1
• eNB operates at low load • eNB operates at low load

• no energy saving feature enabled  all pipes • LTE1203 is activated, all cells are in reducedEnergySaving
are working state  eNB reduced 4TXs  2TXs
HW Power consumption [W] HW Power consumption [W]
FSMF 125 W FSMF 125 W
RM: FRHE 831 W (3x277W) RM: FRHE 537 W (3x179W)
Total 956 W Total 662 W
‘idle night hours’ scenario w/o power savings; ‘idle night hours’ scenario with power savings;
reference BTS power consumption; 294W lower BTS power consumption (~30%);
Note: numbers reflect total consumption of the whole BTS configuration (3 sectors)

For internal use
Benefits and gains
LTE1203 is designed to provide energy savings in two typical scenarios*

Scenario 2: Multi band configuration
• LTE1103 and LTE1203 are enabled and configured
- 6 cells grouped in 3 sectors (one Power Group per each sector)
• 6 RF modules (3x FHGB that serve 2100MHz, 3x FRHE that serve 2600 MHz)
2600 MHz RM: FHGB Cell 1 PA4 PA3 PA2 PA1 2100 MHz
2100 MHz
RM: FRHE Cell 2 PA4 PA3 PA2 PA1 2600 MHz
Sector 2
Sector 3
Sector 1
Sector 1 SM: FSMF+
2xFBBC Note: it is not recommended to allow LTE1103 for switching
off the last cell that guarantees LTE coverage

For internal use
LTE1103
Benefits and gains
Cell 1 PA4 PA3 PA2 PA1 2100 MHz Cell 1 PA4 PA3 PA2 PA1 2100 MHz
Case1 Cell 2 PA4 PA3 PA2 PA1 2600 MHz Case2 Cell 2 PA4 PA3 PA2 PA1 2600 MHz
• all cells 20W Sector 1 • all cells 20W Sector 1
• eNB operates at low load • eNB operates at low load

• no energy saving feature enabled  all pipes are • LTE1103 is enabled only Cell2 is switched off while Cell1 is
working fully operational
HW Power consumption [W] HW Power consumption [W]
FSMF 125 W FSMF 125 W
2xFBBC 182 W (2x91W) 2xFBBC 182 W (2x 91W)
RM1: FHGB 843 W (3x281W) RM1: FHGB 843 W (3x281W)
RM2: FRHE 831 W (3x277W) RM2: FRHE 231 W (3x77W)
Total 1981 W Total 1381 W
‘idle night hours’ scenario w/o power savings; ‘idle night hours’ scenario with power savings;
reference BTS power consumption; 600W lower BTS power consumption (~30%);
For internal use
LTE1103 +
Benefits and gains LTE1203
Case3 Cell 1 PA4 PA3 PA2 PA1 2100 MHz

Thanks to LTE1203 further energy savings are
• all cells 20W Cell 2 PA4 PA3 PA2 PA1 2600 MHz possible while Cell 2 stays operational.
• eNB operates at low load Sector 1 LTE1103 was not recommended to be allowed for
switching off the last cell. The last cell had to be
• LTE1103 is enabled together with LTE1203  Cell2 is switched off always on and fully operational.
while Cell1 has reduced number of TXs (4TX2TX)
Note: Achieved gain numbers depend strictly on
HW Power consumption [W] configuration and used hardware!
FSMF 125 W
2xFBBC 182 W (2x91W) ‘idle night hours’ scenario with power savings (LTE1103 and
RM1: FHGB 576 W (3x192W) LTE1203 activated)
867W lower BTS power consumption (~44%) when comparing
RM2: FRHE 231 W (3x77W) Case 3 with Case 1 and 267W lower BTS power consumption
Total 1114 W (~19%) when comparing Case 3 with Case 2

For internal use
Configuration
Management
Table of contents

For internal use
Configuration Management
Definition of terms and rules for parameter classification*

The ‘Basic Parameters’ category contains primary The ‘Advanced Parameters’ category contains the
parameters which should be considered during cell parameters for network optimisation and fine tuning:
deployment and must be adjusted to a particular
• Decent network performance should be achieved without tuning these
scenario: parameters
• Universal defaults ensuring decent network performance need to be
• Network Element (NE) identifiers defined for all parameters of this category. If this is not possible for a
• Planning parameters, e.g. neighbour definitions, frequency, scrambling given parameter it must be put to the ‘Basic Parameters’ category
codes, PCI, RA preambles • Parameters requiring detailed system knowledge and broad experience
• Parameters that are the outcome from dimensioning, i.e. basic unless rules for the ‘Basic Parameters’ category are violated
parameters defining amount of resources • All parameters (even without defaults, e.g. optional structures) related
• Basic parameters activating basic functionalities, e.g. power control, to advanced and very complex features
admission control, handovers
• Parameters defining operators’ strategy, e.g. traffic steering, thresholds
for power control, handovers, cell reselections, basic parameters defining
feature behaviour
* - purpose: categories of parameters have been defined to simplify network parameterization. Parameterization effort shall be focused mainly on parameters included in basic category.
Categorization is reflected in a ‘view’ definition in NetAct CM Editor (released in RL60) i.e. parameters will be displayed according to the category: either in the ‘Basic parameters’ view or the
‘Advanced parameters’ view.

For internal use
New parameters
Abbreviated name Full name PKDB link

LNBTS:actLBRTXPowerSaving Activate load-based reduced TX power saving

For internal use
New parameters

PSGRP:lbpsLastCellRTXMinLoad Load-basedpowersavinglastcellreducedTXminload
PSGRP:lbpsRTXMaxLoad Load-basedpowersavingreducedTXmaximumload
PSGRP:lbpsRTXMinLoad Load-basedpowersavingreducedTXminimumload
PSGRP:lbpsRTXCellCapOffset Load-basedpowersavingreducedTXcellcapacityoffset

For internal use
Related parameters

LNBTS:actLBPowerSaving Activate load-based power saving
LNCEL:energySavingState Energy Saving State
PSGRP:lbpsCellList Load-based power saving cell list
PSGRP:lbpsCellList:lbpsCellSOOrder Load-based power saving cell switch off order
PSGRP:lbpsCellList:lnCellId LTE cell configuration identifier
PSGRP:lbpsPeriodList Load-based power saving period list
PSGRP:lbpsPeriodList:lbpsDayOfWeek Load-based power saving day of week
PSGRP:lbpsPeriodList:lbpsDuration Load-based power saving duration
PSGRP:lbpsPeriodList:lbpsStartTimeHour Load-based power saving start time hour
PSGRP:lbpsPeriodList:lbpsStartTimeMinute Load-based power saving start time minute
PSGRP:lbpsPeriodList:lbpsSuspended Load-Based Power Saving Suspended
PSGRP:psGrpId Power saving group identifier
Note: LTE1203 is a complementary feature that added some parameters on top of what was already introduced with LTE1103.

For internal use
Related parameters
Load-based power saving iSON
PSGRP:lbpsISONCtlEnabled
control enabled
Load-based power saving last cell
PSGRP:lbpsLastCellMinLoad
minimum load
Load-based power saving last cell
PSGRP:lbpsLastCellSOEnabled
switch off enabled
Load-based power saving maximum
PSGRP:lbpsMaxLoad
load
Load-based power saving minimum
PSGRP:lbpsMinLoad
load
Load-based power saving PDCCH
PSGRP:lbpsPdcchLoadOffset
load offset

For internal use
Deployment
Aspects
Network graphic boxes Network element boxes
Table of contents

For internal use
Deployment Aspects
Feature activation and minimal setup Once the feature is setup, updates to the
LTE1203 related parameters are expected
to be rare.
Activation flag:
LNBTS:actLBRTXPowerSaving = true
Creating Power Groups (PSGRP objects) Executed manually or auto-configuration

scheduled at periodic intervals (iSON)
For each Power Group:
Assigning the cells Note that iSON support for LTE1103 is already in
Assigning the cells switch off order place but it is not for LTE1203 yet.
Please check dedicated slide for more details
Creating the list of Power Saving Periods
Note: If LTE1103 is already configured and used and LTE1203 is going to be activated on top, both features will take actions within the
same power groups. There is no need to configure separate power groups dedicated to LTE1203.
For internal use
Deployment Aspects
Usecases
Main usecases for LTE1203

• Single layer BTS (LTE)
− Before FL/TL16, that is, when LTE1203 was not
available, operator was not recommended to allow
LTE1103 for switching off the last cell that provides
coverage
• If single layer BTS is the only one that provides coverage
on given area, all its cells are recommended to stay fully Layer that guarantees coverage
operational
− With LTE1203 gains are possible to be
achieved in single layer BTS as well With LTE1203 there is a possibility to gain
• Short service break might be experienced on energy savings during the low load
at the time cell is being reset without a permanent service break
For internal use
Deployment Aspects
Usecases

• Multiple layers BTS (1/3)
− Before FL/TL16, when LTE1203 was not available,
operator could use LTE1103 to switch off cells (carriers)
completely
• The last cell(s) is not recommended to be a subject of switch
off, if there is no more overlapping cell guaranteed
• The last cell has to be fully operational even though it operates at
low load
• Last cells are allowed to be switched off for Small cells
example when LTE1103 is activated on BTS that
is handling small cells. Small cells are intended to Macro BTS
provide capacity when coverage is guaranteed anyway
Layer that guarantees LTE coverage

For internal use
Deployment Aspects
Usecases

− LTE1203 gives a possibility for further energy savings
eNB1 PG1
• Once all but the last cell are switched off by LTE1103, the
last cell that provides LTE coverage can be left operational
but in reducedEnergySavings state
• Cell that is in reducedEnergySavings state has number of
active carrier TX paths reduced eNB1 PG1
• Short service break might be observed
when cell is being reset
Impact of the service break
− The higher the overlapping between cells, the
lower impact of the cell reset is expected during cell depends on the cell
overlapping
For internal use
Deployment Aspects
Usecases

− LTE1203 gives a possibility for further energy savings
• In case short service break within LTE is not allowed
at all, one can use LTE1203 for multi layer eNB and
configure 2 LTE cells of PG to be the last cells
• When 2 cells are the last cells and power saving
actions toward them are allowed, both cells are a Last cells of Power group
subject of single power saving action triggered by
LTE1203. However, cells are being reconfigured one
by one. It guarantees at least one cell at a time stays
operational With LTE1203 there is a possibility to gain
on energy savings during the low load
without a permanent service break
For internal use
Performance
Aspects
Table of contents

For internal use
Performance Aspects
Impact of LTE1203 on handovers
Active UEs from cells which are After cell reset, cell with reduced
being reset due to LTE1203 are number of TXs can still be a better After activation of LTE1203,
handed over to other frequency cell in terms of RSRP thus UE can
layers (inter or intra eNB handover) + come back to the cell that was = increased number of
serving it previously handovers may be observed
(trigger of better cell HO)
counters dedicated to monitor the HO
Attempted intra eNB HO

Number of inter frequency Handover attempts
Cell reset caused by LTE1203 can also increase mobility It might be also valuable to monitor the
in idle state. drop ratio KPI as LTE914 is used for cell
reconfiguration procedure

For internal use
Performance Aspects
Impact of TX path number reduction on average DL cell throughput
Change in number of active carrier TXs (e.g. 4TX2TX) requires cell reset
• Cell with reduced number of TXs is operational, however DL cell capacity is reduced
− From RAN Dim documentation (available under url) one can estimate an impact of smaller number of active carrier TX paths
• Example: ISD 500m, 4TX CL MIMO TM4 reduced to 2TX CL MIMO TM 4: ~16.67% average DL cell TP degradation
DOWNLINK
2Tx OL MIMO 2Tx CL MIMO 4Tx CL MIMO 4x4 CL MIMO 8Tx SS-LTBF 8Tx DS-HBF 8Tx SU MIMO
ISD [m]
Mode 3 Mode 4 Mode 4 Mode 4 Mode 7 Mode 8 Mode 9
500 20% 30% 56% 56% 12% 21% 40%

1732 16% 24% 39% 39% 19% 30% 49%
3000 10% 15% 32% 32% 34% 44% 68%
Note:
Latest RAN Dim tool version available on NEDC
UL cell capacity is not impacted by LTE1203.

For internal use
Performance Aspects
Impact of TX path number reduction on DL TP and DL coverage
Change in number of active TXs may reduce DL coverage

• Most frequently cell is UL limited in terms of coverage (cell range)
− In some specific cases, depending on the configuration, used TX power and cell edge TP requirements it may
happen that cell is DL limited or it may become DL limited after cell TX paths number reduction
− UL coverage is not impacted by LTE1203
X-pol. antennas
X X X X
X X X X
X X 2TX X X
X X switched off X X
RF Module TX paths switch off may cause

effective cell range reduction in
/ or \  TX is off
/ or \  TX is on
DL limited scenarios
For internal use
Performance Aspects
Feedback to the Operator
BTS SM view:
• eNB monitors the current Power Saving Mode for each cell and every
10 seconds, eNB increments the proper energySaving counters for each
cell that has an LNCEL:energySavingState parameter equal to
energySavings or reducedEnergySaving
• Based on counters outlined in this section, one is possible to view the
current state and the historical data
- One is also possible to estimate time during which considered cell was switched
off or had number of active TXs reduced
• The Operator is able to view the current Power Saving Mode of each
eNB cell at the NetAct CM application as well as directly at the BTS
Site manager
Note: Since there is no counter directly related to monitoring the state of the Power Amplifier(s) the used
configuration should be taken into account for estimation of potential power savings.

For internal use
Performance Aspects
New counters
Feature LTE1203 introduced 2 new counters
Counter name Description
SAMPLES_CELL_RTX_PWR_SAVI This counter indicates the number of samples when the cell is in the "reduced TX power
NG (M8020C9) saving mode".
#8020 LTE Cell Availability Trigger event: The counter is incremented with value 1 approximately every 10 seconds
when the cell’s Energy saving state is reducedEnergySaving or switchingOnRTX".
energySavingState = reducedEnergySaving
load
5 min
time
Power Saving Period
counter incremented
Note: Time spent in reducedEnergyState = M8020C9 * 10s every 10 seconds

Performance Aspects
New counters
Feature LTE1203 introduced 2 new counters
Counter name Description
CHNG_TO_CELL_RTX_PWR_SAVI This counter indicates the number of cell state changes to "reduced TX power saving
NG mode".
(M8020C10)
Trigger event: The counter is incremented with value 1 when the cell energy saving state
#8020 LTE Cell Availability changes to „reducedEnergySaving".
cell switch state; cell enters notEnergySaving state

load
5 min 2 min 5 min
time
Power Saving Period
cell switch state; cell enters reducedEnergySaving state  increment counter

References
Reference
NEI for LTE1103 feature; Slawomir Andrzejewski
CFAM for LTE1203 feature; David Ness Cohn + CFAM team

For internal use
For internal use

LTE1203 - Load Based Power Saving With TX Path Switching Off

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Load based power saving with tx path

Network Engineering Information

1 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

2 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

Introduction Technical Inter – Benefits and Configuration Deployment

4 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

5 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

Load-based Power Saving for Multi-Layered Networks

eNode B power saving - Micro DTX

6 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

Main idea: Normal Operation vs Energy saving

7 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

Each radio unit TX path is handled by dedicated Power Amplifier

Power Amplifier is switched off automatically when there is no carrier

8 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

Depending on the cell configuration, one or more Energy saving

e.g., cell DL throughput is expected (higher cell RF Module

biggest component of possible power consumption; strictly

10 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

Power consumption in Idle, energy consumed

11 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

LTE1203 is expected to bring OPEX savings as a result of reduced Power savings

• Opportunity to switch off some carrier TX paths appears during W

the low load in a cell

12 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

LTE1203 can be activated as a standalone feature or can be

13 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

LTE1203 can be activated as a standalone feature or

14 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

15 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

16 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

TDD LTE RL release eNodeB NetAct

Release information – micro/pico/controller

Flexi Zone Controller (FZC) RL release eNodeB NetAct

Release information – general

Cells can be assigned to the

• One cell can be assigned to only one Power Group

18 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

PSGRP Power Saving Group

… continued from previous slide …

20 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

Each Power Group is configured independently

Power Saving Periods

21 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

For each Power Group

Every 10 seconds eNB checks if: eNB:

A new managed object class

Load-based power saving period list(lbpsPeriodList)

Power Saving Period 1:

Load-based power saving period list(lbpsPeriodList) List 1 List 2

Power Saving Period 2:

25 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

Operator can temporarily deactivate Power

26 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

Let us consider the following scenario

27 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

For each Power Group

Every 10 seconds eNB checks if: eNB:

cell level Power Group level

avg. GBR load

31 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

32 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014

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