BALANCING THE

CAPACITY OF HAULING
UNITS WITH THE SIZE
OF EXECAVATOR
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PRESENTED BY:
VIJAY KUMAR LCO20277
VINEET AHUJA LCO20278
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INTRODUCTION
 When loading with hoes , shovels, draglines
or belt loaders, it is desirable to use haul
units whose capacities balance the output of
the excavator.
 The hauling material can be soil, sand,
stones or other material and construction
equipment.
 Generally trucks serves as hauling unit,
because trucks provide high travel speed.
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HAULING PROCESS
Hauling process consist of following
steps;

1) Load- At the excavator/loader

2) Haul- Travel to dump site

3) Dump- At the unloading site

4) Return- Travel back to loader

 CAPACITIES OF HAULING UINTS
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There are three methods of rating the capacities of

hauling units (trucks):
 Gravimetric - The load it will carry, expressed
as a weight.

 Struck Volume - The volumetric amount it will

carry, if the load is leveled in the dump box.
 Heaped Volume - The volumetric amount it
will carry, if the load is heaped on slope 2:1
slope above the dump box.
 IMPORTANCE OF
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BALANCING THE
CAPACITIES OF
HAULING UNITS WITH
SIZE EXCAVATOR
When loading with excavators , it is desirable
to use haul units whose cargo body volume is
balanced with the excavator bucket volume. If
this is not done , operating difficulties will
develop and the combined cost of excavating
and hauling material will be higher.
FACTOR
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AFFECTS THE BALANCING
CAPACITIES OF HAULING UNITS
(TRUCKS)

SIZE OF TRUCKS

a. Small Tucks (capacity of up to 15tons)

b. Large Trucks (capacity greater of 15tons)

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SMALL TRUCKS
ADVANTAGES
1. Maneuvering flexibility, on a
restricted work sites.
2. Speed, can achieve higher haul
and return speeds.
3. Production, little impact if one
truck brakes down.
4. Balance of fleet, easy to match
number of trucks to excavator
production.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Number, more trucks increases
operational dangers in haul road.
2. More drivers, required to
operate trucks for a given output.
3. Loading impediment, small
target for excavator bucket.
4. Positioning time, total spotting
time greater because of the
number required.
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LARGE TRUCKS
ADVANTAGES
1. Number, fewer needed for a
given output.
2. Drivers, fewer needed for a
given output.
3. Loading advantage, larger
target for the excavator bucket.
4. Positioning time, frequency of
spotting trucks is reduced.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Size, may not be permitted to
haul on highways.
2. Cost of truck, greater with time
at loading by small excavators.
3. Loads heavier, possible damage
to the haul roads.
4. Balance of fleet, difficult to
match number of trucks to
excavator production.
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TRUCK PRODUCTION CALULATIONS

STEP 1: Number of bucket loads

=
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STEP 2: Load Time

= No. of bucket load X Bucket cycle time
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STEP 3: Haul Time (min)
=
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STEP 4: Dump Time (min)

Dump time will depend on the type of hauling unit and
congestion in the dump area.
CONDITIONS BOTTOM - REAR-DUMPS
DUMPS
Favorable 0.3 min 0.7 min
Average 0.6 min 1.0 min
Unfavorable 1.5 min 1.5 min
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STEP 5: Return Time (min)

=
STEP 6z: Truck Cycle Time
= Load Time

+ Haul Time

+ Dump Time

+ Return Time
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STEP 7: Number of Trucks Required

The number of trucks required to keep the loading equipment working
at capacity.

No. of Trucks = + 1
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STEP 8: Production
The loader will control production if at least one extra truck is used.

Production (lcy/hr)= Truck load (lcy) X

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STEP 9: Efficiency
The production is based on 60-min working hour and should be
adjusted by an efficiency factor. The critical factors to consider are
bunching, operator and equipment condition.

Adjusted production = Production X

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THANK YOU