NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, AGARTALA

Project Presentation on
BLINDMAN OBSTACLE DETECTOR

Underguidance of- Presented By-

Dr. Tamasi Moyra Panua
(H.O.D, ECE) 1. Apangshu Debnath(19UEC014)
2. Arijit Pal(19UEC039)
3. Juliyas Reang(19UEC085)

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
AGARTALA-799046, INDIA
16 NOV, 2022
 CONTETNS

 Introduction
 Proposed Solution
 component's
I. Arduino nano
II. Ultrasonic sensor
III. Buzzer
IV. Jumper Wires
V. Battery
 Circuit Diagram
 PROCEDURE
 Flowchart
 Results and Discussion
 FUTURE SCOPE OF STUDY
 Conclusion
 References
2
Introduction

 Vision is the most important part of human

physiology as 83% of information human being gets
from the environment is via sight.
 Here, we develop a tool which can serve as a blind
stick being more efficient and helpful than the
conventional one.
 This will assist the blind persons during the walk
and provides an alarm if any hurdle is detected
within the set range.

3
Proposed Solution

 In order to solve this problem, we are suggesting a smart blind stick using
Arduino which is specially designed to detect obstacles which may help the
blind to navigate care-free.
 The audio messages will keep the user on alert and considerably reduce
accidents.
 A voice enabled automatic switching is also incorporated to help them in
private space as well. This system presents a concept to provide a smart
electronic aid for blind people, both in public and private space.

4
Components

 Arduino Nano
 Ultrasonic Sensor
 Buzzer
 Jumper wires
 Battery 9V
 Wooden stick

5
Arduino Nano

 The Arduino Nano is a small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board based on the ATmega328P released
in 2008. It offers the same connectivity and specs of the Arduino Uno board in a smaller form factor.

FIG:- Arduino Nano

 The Arduino Nano is equipped with 30 male I/O headers, in a DIP-30-like configuration, which can be
programmed using the Arduino Software integrated development environment (IDE), which is common to
all Arduino boards and running both online and offline. The board can be powered through a type-B mini-
USB cable or from a 9 V battery.

6
Ultra Sonic Sensor

 An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance of a target object by emitting ultrasonic
sound waves, and converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal. Ultrasonic waves travel faster than the
speed of audible sound (i.e. the sound that humans can hear).

Fig.: Ultrasonic sensor

 Ultrasonic sensors have two main components: the transmitter (which emits the sound using piezoelectric crystals)
and the receiver (which encounters the sound after it has travelled to and from the target).

7
Buzzer

 A small buzzer is a common feature in electronic products and can provide an effective way of interacting
with users or raising an alarm.

Fig.: Buzzer

 Depending on the type and strength of the signals available to drive the buzzer, the physical space
available, and the required audio sound pressure level (spl), a magnetic or piezoelectric type will be the
most common options for an application.
8
Jumper Wires

 A jump wire (also known as jumper, jumper wire, DuPont wire) is an electrical wire, or
group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at each end (or sometimes without
them – simply "tinned"), which is normally used to interconnect the components of a
breadboard or other prototype or test circuit, internally or with other equipment or
components, without soldering.

Fig.: Jumper wires 9

Battery

 The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, is an electric battery that supplies a nominal voltage of 9 volts.
Actual voltage measures 7.2 to 9.6 volts, depending on battery chemistry. Batteries of various sizes and
capacities are manufactured; a very common size is known as PP3, introduced for early transistor radios.

10

Fig.: A 9V battery with a battery clip

Circuit Diagram

11
Procedure
1. Take the ultrasonic sensor and the Arduino nano and make the following connections with the help of jumper
wires-
i. Connect the Vcc of the ultrasonic sensor with the 5V supply of the Arduino nano.
ii. Connect the trigger pin with the D3 of the Arduino.
iii. Connect the echo pin with the D2 of the Arduino.
iv. Connect the ground pin of the sensor with the ground of Arduino.
2. Take the positive terminal of the 9V battery and connect it to the Vin of the Arduino.
3. Take the negative terminal of the 9V battery and connect it to the other ground of arduino.
4. Take the positive of the Buzzer and connect it to the D5 of arduino.
5. Take the negative of the buzzer and connect it to the ground of Arduino nano. Sinc there are only two grounds
and both of them are already connected. Take the ground pin of the ultrasonic sensor, the negative of buzzer and a
jumper wire and apply wielding. After that connect the other end of the jumper wire with the ground of the
Arduino.

12
 START

FLOWCHART
ULTRASONIC
SENSOR SENSES
OBSTACLE

Arduino calculates
if the obstacle is
close

Distance
<70

TURN LED and

Buzzer ON

13

END
 Results and discussion

 For obstacle detection, the system was experimented on in our home and also on the roadside. The project
was made with the working hardware model, detecting the obstacles if come across any obstacles.

 The blind stick proposed model can aid the virtually impaired user by helping him/her navigate through
different terrains and obstacles. The advantages are that it is low cost, has fast response, low power
consumption, is lightweight, and ability to receive feedback through buzzer audio.

14
Results and discussion

 Detecting the obstacle with the help of Ultrasonic sensors can provide notification to the user holding it in
the sound form via Arduino buzzer and facilitate easier communication in case of emergency.
 The result was found that ultrasonic sensors were able to detect obstacles accurately, and the measured
distance to the obstacles was also approximately correct.

D in cm (distance) S (alert signal)

0 Buzzer off
70 Buzzer off
70 and above Buzzer on
15
FUTURE SCOPE OF STUDY

 There is some future scope to fulfill the requirement of the smart stick.
 The obstacle detection capability of this project can be increased by introducing the
ultrasonic sensor which has better accuracy and precision angle width.
 We can introduce a GPS to find the exact location of the person.
 By implementing a voice recognition system we can improve the accuracy of the
project and alert the person about the obstacle.
 We can also use AI and ML with Rasberry Pi to detect the object and alert the person
accordingly

16
CONCLUSION

 The project proposed the design and architecture of a new concept of Smart Electronic
Guiding Stick for blind people. The advantage of the system lies in the fact that it can prove
to be very low cost solution to millions of blind person worldwide.

 The proposed combination of various working units makes a real-time system that scans for
obstacles near the user and provides dual feedback making navigation more safe and secure.

 It can be further improved to have more decision taking capabilities by employing varied
types of sensors and thus could be used for different applications.

 It aims to solve the problems faced by the blind people in their daily life. The system also
takes measures to ensure their safety

17
REFERENCES

About Arduino Technology

 https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/what-is-an-arduino/all
An article on Ultrasonic sensors:
 https://www.fierceelectronics.com/sensors/what-ultrasonic-sensor
Understanding the programming and working of Arduino:
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJ-LqeX_fLU
Understanding the problem:
 https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/JBEMi/article/view/245

18