Assignment

#1 Tree ID
Picture
Collection
2022
By: Venus Crouse & Toby
Easterbrook
 White Spruce

Scientific Name: Picea Glauca White Spruce

- Other names are Cat Spruce, Skunk
Spruce, Pasture Spruce, and Canadian
Spruce
- Can usually grow to be 24 metres tall
- Green or bluish green in colour with a
white coating of powdered wax
- Bark is colored grey-brown and Venus Crouse
having a flaky texture

2 Crouse
Venus
 Black Spruce

Scientific Name: Picea Mariana

White Spruce
- It has short, blunt-tipped dark https://www.conifers.org/pi/
Venus Crouse Picea_mariana.php
bluish-green needles.
- Cones from black spruce are egg-
shaped, 2 to 3 centimetres long, and
dark brown in colour. They are
located at the tree's summit
- The black spruce is referred to as a
transcontinental species since it may
be found across Ontario and from
one end of Canada to the other.

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 Balsam Fir

Scientific Name: Abies Balsamea White Spruce https://wildadirondacks.org/trees-of-the-

adirondacks-balsam-fir-abies-
balsamea.html
- One of the most identifiable trees in
Ontario is the balsam fir. It is tall and
slender, and its top tapers to a point.
- It resembles a church spire somewhat.
The bark of a young tree has sap
blisters all over it. Be cautious not to
rub up against the tree since the sticky
sap is constantly there.
- Its greyish brown, barrel-shaped cones
range in length from 4 to 10
centimetres. Its needles range in
length, are dark and lustrous green,
and have two white stripes on the
underside.
4 Crouse
Venus
 Red Pine

White Spruce
Scientific Name: Pinus Resinosa
- The red pine may reach a height of 35
metres
- Its two-bundled, glossy, dark-green
needles Venus Crouse
- Typically, the red pine's trunk is straight
and slim. Its bark is crimson to pink in
colour, thus the name "red" pine.
- Because of its strength, red pine wood has
been used to produce poles, pilings, and
structural timber.

5 Crouse
Venus
 White Pine

Scientific Name: Pinus Strobus White Spruce

- It has thin needles that range in length from 6 to
12 centimetres. Because its needles grow in
bunches of five, the eastern white pine is simple
to identify. The 8 to 20 cm long cones of the
eastern white pine dangle from the branches.
- Only every three to five years, especially once Venus Crouse
the trees are 20 or 30 years old, are good seed
yields produced. It has broad, thick ridges that
are 2 to 5 centimetres thick on its dark greyish
brown bark.
- Eastern white pine, which may be found
throughout much of Ontario, can reach heights
of more than 40 metres. It thrives in full
sunshine and grows swiftly.
6 Crouse
Venus
 Daniel Tigner, Canadian
Jack Pine Forest Tree Essences

Scientific Name: Pinus Banksiana

- Jack pine cones can vary in size and shape,

White Spruce
although they are typically thin, curved,
and range in length from 2.5 to 8
centimetres
- When temperatures are low, they remain
securely shut and are yellowish-brown in
colour.
- Its light green needles are 2 to 4
centimetres long, somewhat curled or
twisted, and grow in bundles of two
- The most prevalent pine tree in the north,
the jack pine, can be found all throughout
Ontario
- It is a little tree that can flourish practically
everywhere, including on permafrost, rock,
and sandy or shallow soil.

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Ministry of Natural Resources
 Hemlock

Scientific Name: Tsuga Canadensis

White Spruce
- Its conical design features a broad trunk
that narrows to a slender tip. When an
eastern hemlock tree is young, its bark is
scaly, and as it ages, it develops deep
fractures
- Its 1 to 2 centimetre long, glossy green
needles are paler on the underside. The Venus Crouse
eastern hemlock's cones have an oval
form and range in length from 12 to 20
millimetres
- The seeds drop from the cones and land
on the ground throughout the late fall and
winter
- Eastern Hemlocks can live up to 600
years
https://www.ontarioparks.com/
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parksblog/hemlock-woolly-
 Beaked Hazel

White Spruce
Scientific Name: Corylus Cornuta
- From British Columbia to California,
and farther east to Newfoundland
and Georgia, the species is Venus Crouse
widespread
- Round, oval, fuzzy, double saw-
toothed leaves on beaked hazelnut
trees are a sure sign of the species. In
the fall, they become a vivid yellow

https://www.thespruce.com/how-to-grow-
and-care-for-beaked-hazelnut-5076082
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 Sugar Maple

White Spruce
Scientific Name: Acer Saccharum
Daniel Tigner, Canadian
- Ontario's centre and southern Forest Tree Essences
regions are home to the sugar
maple
- It has five-lobed, 8 to 20
centimeter-long yellowish-
green leaves
- When a tree is young, its
smooth, grey bark divides into
ridges that curl out as it ages

Daniel Tigner, Canadian

10 Tree Essences
Forest
 Red Maple

White Spruce
Scientific Name: Acer Rubrum
- Its leaves range in length from 5 to 15
centimetres, are bright green above
and lighter below
- When the tree is young, its bark is
smooth and light grey, becoming
greyish-brown, scaly, and ridged as Venus Crouse
the tree becomes older
- When the red maple leaves turn a
stunning bright crimson in the
autumn, it is simple to identify it

11 Crouse
Venus
 American Beech

White Spruce

Scientific Name: Fagus Americana

- American beech trees have wide crowns and
Venus Crouse
smooth, age-darkening, light bluish-gray bark.
- Large round leaves with a brighter underside and
a dark bluish top
- The nuts are edible and famous among birds and
mammals
- It grows across central and southern Ontario

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Venus
 Red Oak

White Spruce
Scientific Name: Quercus Rubra
- When a red oak tree is young, its bark is
smooth and dark grey, but as it becomes
older, deep ridges appear
- It has dark green foliage. They have Venus Crouse
bristly tips to their sharp, pointed lobes.
- East of Lake Superior, throughout
central and southern Ontario, the red
oak may be found

Daniel Tigner, Canadian

13 Tree Essences
Forest
 Basswood

White Spruce
Scientific Name: Tilia Americana Paul Wray
- Has large heart-shaped leaves with short
points and toothed edges
- The bark is gray-brown and has many,
fine ridges.
- A prevalent tree in southern Ontario,
basswood may also be found in central
Ontario between Lake Nipissing and
Sault Ste. Marie as well as in the
northwest along the Ontario-Minnesota
boundary.

14 Wilkins
Vern
 Iron Wood

White Spruce
Scientific Name: Ostrya Virginiana
- Simple, alternating oval leaves
of ironwood have sharp teeth
and get progressively bigger at
the end of a developing stalk Paul Wray
- Grayish-brown bark on older
trunks has rough, flaking
streaks
- From southern Ontario north to
Lake Nipissing and Sault Ste.
Marie, as well as communities
in the Northwestern area to
Kenora, ironwood is a tiny
understory tree

Natural Resources Canada,

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Canadian Forest Service
 Yellow Birch

White Spruce
Scientific Name: Betula Alleghaniensis
- When young, the bark is thin, lustrous,
and reddish-brown; as it ages, the bark
turns dull yellow, and as it reaches Venus Crouse
maturity
- The bark darkens to a bronze hue.
Oval, dark yellowish-green leaves
adorn golden birch trees
- The yellow birch may be found in
northern as well as central and southern
Ontario.
https://wildadirondacks.org/trees-of-the-
adirondacks-yellow-birch-betula-
16
alleghaniensis.html
 White Ash

White Spruce
https://
gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/
species/fraxinus/americana/
Scientific Name: Fraxinus Americana
- Compound leaves, typically 7 leaflets
- Falling leaves have a reddish-purple
colour and leave a notched scar on the
branch
- Gray in colour, mature bark has a
distinctive texture with a diamond
pattern
- The deciduous woodlands of Ontario
frequently contain the species white
ash. It may be found throughout
Southern Ontario, up to Lake
https://knowingtheland.com/ Nipissing and Sault Ste. Marie, and in
2010/02/02/winter-wonderings- the north
17
feb-2010/ash-bark/
 Dogwood

Scientific Name: Cornus

White Spruce
- The ends of the branches are
covered with groups of leaves.
Due of the elegant horizontal
tiers of branches on elder trees,
it is sometimes known as
pagoda dogwood
- Spring brings out large clusters Venus Crouse
of white blooms, which are
followed by midsummer's dark
blue berries on red stems
- is located in southern Ontario,
with isolated stands at Sault Ste.
https:// Marie, Thunder Bay, and the
www.pinterest.ca/ Lake of the Woods region.
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pin/
 White Cedar

Scientific Name: Thuja Occidentalis

White Spruce
- The tree's fan-shaped twigs are
covered with small, yellowish-green
scaly leaves.
- Eastern white cedar trees have thin,
glossy bark while they are young, but
as they age, the bark splits into flat,
narrow strips. Venus Crouse
- It grows all throughout Ontario and is
typically found in marshy places
where limestone-based rock is present

https://wildadirondacks.org/trees-
of-the-adirondacks-northern-
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white-cedar-thuja-
 Black Ash

Scientific Name: Fraxinus Nigra

White Spruce
- It has light grey bark that, when young, is
cork-like and supple before becoming
scaly
- Deep green and hairless oval leaflets are
arranged on a central stem. Fall is when
whole leaves, as opposed to single
Venus Crouse
leaflets, usually fall
- These trees thrive in damp environments
and are frequently found in northern
marshy forests from eastern Manitoba to
Newfoundland and into Ontario

20 Easterbrook
Toby
 Black Cherry

Scientific Name: Prunus Serotina White Spruce

- Long, slender, and pointed at the
end, its leaves are long. They have
a brilliant, sparkling green top and
a lighter colour below
- Older black cherry trees have
highly crumbly, dark grey bark.
- When growing in southern Ontario,
it may reach heights of up to 22
metres. It is smaller and more Venus Crouse
shrub-like in size further north,
where temperatures are lower and
the growth season is shorter

21 Crouse
Venus
 White Oak

White Spruce
Scientific Name: Quercus Alba
- Its leaves have 7 to 9 lobes and are 10 to
20 centimetres long. They have a brilliant
green exterior and a lighter green inside.
Prior to dropping off, they become red-
purple in the fall.
- The white oak's bark is often long scaled
and whitish to pale grey in colour. Venus Crouse
- Southern Ontario is home to White Oak.

https://
arboretum.uoguelph.ca/
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thingstosee/trees/
 Silver Maple

Scientific Name: Acer Saccharinum White Spruce

- Its 15 to 20 centimetre long, bright
green leaves have 5 or 7 lobes. The
silver maple and red maple are quite
similar, with the exception that the
silver maple fall foliage becomes
light yellow or brown rather than
red. Venus Crouse
- When the tree is young, the bark on
its trunk is smooth and grey; later, it
becomes dark reddish brown and
splits into strips that peel off at each
end, giving the trunk of the silver
maple a "shaggy" appearance.
- Ontario's centre and southern
23 regions are where the silver maple
 Tamarack

White Spruce
Scientific Name: Larix Laricina
- Bundles of 10 to 20
needles sprout at a time.
They are green, supple,
and malleable
- When the tree is young, Toby Easterbrook
the bark is smooth and
grey; as it gets older, it
becomes reddish brown
and becomes scaly.
- Although it may be
found all around Ontario,
tamarack is most
prevalent up north.

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 Butternut

Scientific Name: Juglans Cinerea

White Spruce
- Although butternut is sometimes confused
with black walnut, it varies in that it has
mature, pale grey bark, elongated, sticky
fruits, and nuts with sharp ridges
- Compound leaves on butternut are similar to
those on black walnut, but they have fewer
leaflets (11–17) on a hairy stalk, and the
terminal leaflet is often the same size as the
other leaflets
- Except for the Bruce Peninsula and
Manitoulin Island, the butternut's range
encompasses the most of Ontario's southern
and eastern mixed deciduous woods

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 Black Walnut

Scientific Name: Juglans Nigra White Spruce

- The coarse branches and black, heavily
Robert Vidéki
ridged bark of this species make it easy
to identify
- The leaves resemble butternut but
usually have more leaflets (14–22) on
short stalks, are practically hairless, and
have a terminal leaflet that is smaller
than the other leaflets
- In southwest Ontario's damp
bottomlands, black walnut is a
widespread species. North and east of
its range are typically where it has been
planted.

26 Vidéki
Robert
 Trembling Aspen

Scientific Name: Populus Tremuloides

White Spruce Daniel Tigner, Canadian
Forest Tree Essences

- The leaves flutter in response to even the

smallest breeze because the leaf stem is
flattened and longer than the leaf blade
- Young bark is smooth, light grayish-white with
horizontal lines, and as it ages, it becomes
darker and more furrowed
- Similar to its cousin, balsam poplar, trembling
aspen may be found across Ontario, with the
exception of the farthest northern border at
Hudson Bay. It exists in all Canadian wooded
regions

Daniel Tigner, Canadian Forest Tree

Essences
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 White Elm

White Spruce
https://
Scientific Name: Ulmus Laevis arboretum.uoguelph.ca/
- These substantial leaves are 10-15 thingstosee/trees/whiteelm
cm long and typically have a rough
feel. Each side of the leaf has
around 15 veins, which suddenly
point inward at their ends
- The White Elm bark is highly
furrowed and varies in colour from
dark grey to brown. The bark
typically has wide, crossing ridges,
and as it ages, it also gets scalier.

https://
arboretum.uoguelph.ca/
thingstosee/trees/whiteelm
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 White Birch

White Spruce
Scientific Name: Betula papyrifera
- Egg-shaped or trapezoidal in form, leaves
have a dull green upper surface and a
lighter green, somewhat hairy underside.
- White, thin, and smooth bark that peels
off in big sheets is called bark. All of
- Ontario has white birch, with the
exception of the Hudson Bay shore.

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 Willow

Scientific Name: Salix Babylonica

White Spruce
- is a medium- to large-sized
deciduous tree that may reach
heights of 20 to 25 metres (66 to 82
feet)
- It expands quickly. The shoots have
tiny buds and a yellowish-brown https://
colour. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
- The slender, light green, long, and Salix_babylonica

wide leaves are alternately arranged

in spirals, with finely serrated edges,
and long acuminate ends. In the fall,
the leaves change a gold-yellow
colour.
https://www.purdue.edu/fnr/
extension/weeping-willows-
30
leaves-dead-bark-loose/
 Manitoba Maple

White Spruce
Scientific Name: Acer Negundo
Natural Resources
- The Manitoba maple stands out among
Canada, Canadian Forest
our native maples for having complex Service
leaves with 3–9 serrated leaflets that
mimic Ash leaves
- In the fall, leaves become yellow or
greenish-yellow
- The biggest maple endemic to the
Prairies, the Manitoba maple is so named.
It also grows in Southern Ontario and the
Northwest from Kenora to Thunder Bay

Natural Resources
Canada, Canadian
31 Service
Forest
32
 Sources
https://www.ontario.ca/page/white-spruce
https://www.ontario.ca/page/black-spruce
https://www.ontario.ca/page/balsam-fir
https://www.ontario.ca/page/red-pine
https://www.ontario.ca/page/jack-pine
https://www.ontario.ca/page/eastern-hemlock
http://nativeplantspnw.com/beaked-hazelnut-corylus-cornuta/
https://www.ontario.ca/page/sugar-maple
https://www.ontario.ca/page/american-beech
https://www.ontario.ca/page/red-oak
https://www.ontario.ca/page/basswood
https://www.ontario.ca/page/ironwood
https://www.ontario.ca/page/yellow-birch
https://wildadirondacks.org/trees-of-the-adirondacks-yellow-birch-betula-alleghaniensis.html
https://www.ontario.ca/page/white-ash
https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/fraxinus/americana/
https://knowingtheland.com/2010/02/02/winter-wonderings-feb-2010/ash-bark/
https://www.ontario.ca/page/alternate-leaf-dogwood
https://www.ontario.ca/page/eastern-white-cedar

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 Sources

https://wildadirondacks.org/trees-of-the-adirondacks-northern-white-cedar-thuja-occidentalis.html
https://www.ontario.ca/page/black-ash
https://www.ontario.ca/page/black-cherry
https://www.ontario.ca/page/white-oak
https://arboretum.uoguelph.ca/thingstosee/trees/whiteoak
https://www.ontario.ca/page/silver-maple
https://www.ontario.ca/page/tamarack
https://www.ontario.ca/page/butternut
https://www.ontario.ca/page/black-walnut
https://www.ontario.ca/page/trembling-aspen
https://arboretum.uoguelph.ca/thingstosee/trees/whiteelm
https://www.ontario.ca/page/white-birch
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salix_babylonica
https://www.ontario.ca/page/manitoba-maple

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