Science- 10

March 29, 2023

Eve ball lotion

Evolution
Pass cells
Fossils
Home moo log
goes
Homologous
Anal log goes
Analogous
Em bry you'll
low jay
Embryology
 Lesson objectives:
1. Explain how populations of organisms have
changed and continue to change over time showing
patterns of descent with modification from
common ancestors to produce the organismal
diversity observed today.
2. Compare the difference between homologus and
analogous.
3.Show importance and clear misconception on the
evolution of organisms, humans especially.
1809 - Lamarck’s Theory

2 Major Principles:

• Use and Disuse

• The more an animal uses a body part, the more

developed it becomes (and vice-versa)

• Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

• Characteristics an organism develops or acquires in

its lifetime can be passed on to its offspring
 I. What is Evolution?
• The slow, gradual change in a species over time.
• ‘Slow’ means thousands to millions of years (in most cases)...
• Species with short reproductive rates; like bacteria, evolve quickly.
Bacteria reproduce about every 20 minutes.

• Just in the last few millions of years, hundreds of species have

become extinct- while hundreds of others have developed.

• How do we know evolution is happening? Let’s look at the

evidence…
I. Evidence for Evolution
 Fossils provide
Homologous structures
Vertigial structures is important
are similar physical
features in organisms a biological structure evidence for
that share a common that has lost a major evolution and the
ancestor, but the ancestral function and adaptation of
features serve is usually drastically
plants and
completely different reduced in size. animals to their
functions.
environments.

Evidence of evolution

Analogous structures
Embryos of
are features of Molecular
different species different species that similarities and
can have are similar in function
ddifferencs provide
similarities that are but not necessarily in
structure and which do evidence for the
not visible when
not derive from a shared ancestry of
the organisms are
common ancestral life.
fully formed. feature
 II. Fossil Evidence
• Definition: Any trace or remains of an organism that
has been preserved by natural processes.

• Studying fossils allows scientists to compare the

remains of ancient organisms with present day species
to determine evolutionary relationships.
• Fossils form from amber, ice, tar, petrification, bones
buried under sedimentary rock.
• The older the fossil, the deeper it will be buried.
Fossil Evidence
III. How do we KNOW????
evolutionary relationships
Evidence can be:

Structural Molecular/ Biochemical

 Comparative Anatomy
Homologous Structures: Similar internal structure,
but different form and function.
 Comparative anatomy
Analogous structures: Similar external form and
function, but different internal structure.
BOTH FLY- BUILT DIFFERENTLY
 Structural Evidence
Vestigial structures:
Structures that are
remnants of
structures that were
functional in
ancestral forms, but
are now reduced in
size and serve little
or no purpose.
• DO THE TOP “10”
 Structural Evidence
Embryological evidence: Comparing embryos at various
stages of development may show similarities not present
after birth.

WHO
DOES
THIS
GUY
LOOK
LIKE?
??
 IV. Molecular Evidence

-
 V. Charles Darwin
The Father of Evolution
• Born February 12, 1809
• 1831- 1836 Served as
naturalist aboard the HMS
Beagle

• 1835 Arrived in the

Galapagos Islands

• 1859 Published On the

Origin of Species…

• 1882 Died and buried in

Westminster Abbey
 Charles Darwin

• Darwin’s thoughts on
Natural Selection
explained a lot about
evolution, but he
didn’t explain the
mechanism by which
traits change over
time.

• The field of Genetics

explains this…
MUTATIONS.
1. The process by which changes
in organisms happen over
many,many generations is
known as
A.Evolution
B.Revolution
C.Survival
D.Variation
2. Evolution is...
a. changes that take place during an
organism's lifetime
b. where the best-adapted organisms
are more likely to survive and breed
c. the slow change of a species over
time
d. Unchanging
3. Larmarke is to "Inheritance
of Acquired Characteristics" as
Darwin is to _____
a. divergence of related species
b. homologous structures
c. evolution by natural selection
d. speciation by common descent
4. The strongest evidence for
change over a long period of
time comes from:
a.DNA
b. fossils
c. embryo studies
d. direct observation of living
species
5. A structure that seems to
serve no purpose in an
organism is called:
a. homologous
b. vestigial
c. dichotomous
d.fossilized
Assignment :

Directions: Explain and

contrast analogous and
homologous structures.
Prepared by :
Ms. Lydel B. Conarco