Module 4: Standard or

Exemplars
Group 4
Jhans Alexander B.Viclar
John Lhoyd P. Sencio
Aldean Kyle E. Reyes
Mer Jann M. Relleta
Patrick Gerome A. Robles
Mark Dave S. Talay
Virgilio Y. Villaflor
Definition of Terms
A. Standard -They are known writings, which indicate how
a person writes. A writer manifests fixed habits in his
writings that identify him. This fact provides the basis for
an opinion of conclusion regarding any writing
identification problem.
B. Exemplars - Specimen of the writing of suspects are
commonly known as exemplars. The term standards is a
general term referring to all authenticated writings of the
suspectswhile exemplars refers more especially to a
specimens of standard writing offered in evidence or
obtained or request for comparison with the questioned
writing
C. Sample - A selected representative portion of the whole
is known as a sample. In this the term samples follows
closely the statistical usage.
LESSON
 4.1 TYPES
1. Collected OF HANDWRITING
Standards "STANDARDS”
are KNOWN (genuine) handwriting
of an individual such as signature and endorsements on
canceled checks, legal papers letters, commercial, official,
public and private document and other handwriting such
as letters, memoranda, etc. Written in the course of daily
life, both business and socials
2. Request Standards are signature or other handwritings
(or hand printings) written by an individual upon request
for the purpose of comparison with other handwriting or
for specimen purposes.
3. Post Litem Motam Exemplars writings produced by the
subject after evidential writings havecome into dispute and
solely for the purpose of establishing his contentions
TYPES OF STANDARDS DESIRABLE FOR COMPARISON USE IN THE TWO

MOST COMMON
1. Submit TYPES OF QUESTIONED
collected and requestDOCUMENTS
standardsPROBLEMS
signature from both individual case.
2. When anonymous letter writings other than
signature are in questioned: a. Submit request
standards writings of general nature from both
victim and suspect's (as much standards writing as
possible to obtain within reason). b. Submit
request standards of the questioned text written
(or printed)- at least 3 writings by the suspect/s
and in some instanced by the victim,
LESSON 4.2 PROCEDURES FOR TAKING
REQUESTED HANDWRITING STANDARDS
1. Have subject seated in a natural position at table or
desk having smooth writing surface.
2 Furnish subject with paper and writing instrument
similar to those used in questioned writings, lle; paper
should be same size, and ruled or unruled, as
questioned document if questioned document is in
written furnish subject with pen and ink, etc. 3. Never
permit the subject to see any writing on the questioned
document.
LESSON 4.2 PROCEDURES FOR TAKING
REQUESTED HANDWRITING STANDARDS
4. Dictate material to be written (or printed, if questioned
material is hand printed) give no assistance in spelling or
arrangement on page. Dictate at a rate of speed, which will
produce the subject natural writing habits.
5. Remove each specimen upon completion by subject
number in consequence, date, time and identify by
initiating each, and request subjects to sign each specimen
6. Observe all writing done by subjects and indicate any
attempt of disguise, and whether subjectsappears to be
normally right or left handed, etc.
SPECIAL PROCEDURE FOR TAKING REQUEST HANDWRITING STANDARDS
WHERE CHECKS FORGERY IS CHANGED OR SUSPECTED
1. Furnish subjects with check blanks similar to
the questioned check/s.
2. Dictate the entries to be made on specimen
checks as follows:
3. Give subjects to help or suggestions in
completing specimen checks.
MISCELLANEOUS
1. The laboratory should be informed of the age
apparent health and physical condition of the time
standards are written.
2. Do not fold, staple or pin document handle
questioned documents with care.
3. Indicate in the sample handwriting the time,
place, date signature of writer as well asthe
handwriting.
 SOME SOURCES OF SIGNATURES WRITTEN
IN THE COURSE OF DAILY AFFAIRS
1. Canceled Checks
2. Signature cards for saving, checking and charge accounts
and safe deposit boxes.
3. Credit applications and cards
4. Signature on sales slips, on job orders slips, requisition slips
and purchase slips.
5. Court records and affidavits, such as naturalization papers,
bankruptcy proceedings, divorce papers. Probated wills and
estate files, powers of attomey, etc.
6 Passports, marriage application, license and affidavits
 7. Driver automobile and other types of licensee applications
8. Application for gas, electricity, water and telephone services
HOW TO PREPARE AND COLLECT HANDWRITING STANDARDS?
Factors to Consider in the Selection of
standards:
A. THE AMOUNT OF STANDARD
WRITTEN
B. SIMILARLY OF SUBJECT MATTER. If
the questioned writings are hand printed,
then get hand printed standard or exemplar.
HOW TO PREPARE AND COLLECT
HANDWRITING STANDARDS?
C. RELATIVE DATES of the questioned and the
standards writing standard signatures or writing must
be those written five (5) years before or five (5) after
the date of the questioned signature or writing.
The importance of contemporaneous standards are
1. Helps to determine or trace gradual changes on one's
handwriting or signature.
2 Aids in tracing the development of any writing
variation
HOW TO PREPARE AND COLLECT
HANDWRITING STANDARDS?
D. CONDITION UNDER WHICH BOTH THE
QUESTIONED AND THE STANDARD ARE
PREPARED. Look for standards prepared under
comparable circumstances such as: paper rested on the
knee; standing: sitting, lying down; and/or while on
moving vehicle.
E. WRITINGINSTRUMENT AND PAPER. Same
instrument used in the preparation of thequestioned
document must be obtained in the standards
LESSON 4.3 DISGUISES IN HANDWRITING
A COMMON DISGUISES
1. Abnormally large writing.
2. Abnormally small writing.
3. Alteration in slant (usually backhand).
4. Usually variation in slant within a single
unit of writing (with in a single signature).
5. Printed forms instead of cursive forms.