GLOBAL MIGRATION

Learning Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able

to:
• Identify the reasons for the migration of people;
• Explain why states regulate migration and
• Discuss the effects of global migration on the
economic well-being of state.
 MIGRATION
Migration means crossing the boundary of a
political or administrative unit for a certain
minimum period
 TWO TYPES OF MIGRATION

Internal Migration
International Migration
 Internal Migration
•Within one country.
•Crossing domestic jurisdictional
boundaries.
•Movements between states or provinces.
•Little government control.
•Factors:
•Employment-based.
•Retirement-based.
•Education-based.
•Civil conflicts (internally displaced
population).
 International Migration
• Emigration is an indicator of
economic and/or social failures of a
society.
• Crossing of a national boundary.
• Easier to control and monitor.
• Laws to control / inhibit these
movements.
• Between 2 million and 3 million
people emigrate each year.
 DIFFERENT CRITERION OF
MIGRATION
Temporary labor migrants - they
are popularly known as overseas
contract workers who migrate
for a limited period in order to
work and send remittances to
their families left at home.
 DIFFERENT CRITERION OF
MIGRATION
Highly skilled and business
migrants - they are people with
special skills and qualification
who seek employment through
international labor markets for
scarce skills.
 DIFFERENT CRITERION OF
MIGRATION
Irregular migrants (also known
as undocumented or illegal
migrants) – people who enter a
country, usually in search of
employment, without the
necessary documents and
permits.
 DIFFERENT CRITERION OF
MIGRATION

Refugees – is a person residing outside

his or her country of nationality, who is
unable or unwilling to return because of
a well-founded fear of persecution on
account of race, religion, nationality,
membership in a particular social group,
or political opinion (1951 United Nations
Convention relating to the Status of
Refugees)
 DIFFERENT CRITERION OF
MIGRATION

Asylum-seekers – people
who move across borders
in search of protection
 DIFFERENT CRITERION OF
MIGRATION

Forced-migration – this
includes not only refugees
and asylum-seekers but also
people forced to move by
environmental catastrophes
or developmental projects.
 DIFFERENT CRITERION OF
MIGRATION

Family members (also known as

family reunion or family
reunification migrants) –
migration to join people who have
already entered an immigration
country under one of the above
categories.
 DIFFERENT CRITERION OF
MIGRATION

Return migrants – people

who return to their
countries of origin after a
period in another country.
 Benefits and Detriments for Sending
Countries
Following are a few advantages of Migration for host country:
• Job vacancies and skills gaps can be filled.
• Economic growth can be sustained.
• Services to an ageing population can be maintained when there are insufficient
young people locally.
• The pension gap can be filled by the contributions of new young workers and they
also pay taxes.
• Immigrants bring energy and innovation.
• Host countries are enriched by cultural diversity.
• Failing schools (and those with falling numbers) can be transformed.
 Benefits and Detriments for Sending
Countries

Negative Impacts on host countries

• Depression of wages may occur, especially in lower paid jobs.
• Having workers willing to work for relatively low pay may allow employers to ignore
productivity, training and innovation.
• Migrants may be exploited.
• Increases in population can put pressure on public services.
• Unemployment may rise if there are unrestricted numbers of incomers.
• There may be integration difficulties and friction with local people.
• Large movements of people lead to more security monitoring.
• Ease of movement may facilitate organised crime and people trafficking.
 Benefits and Detriments for Sending
Countries

Positive Impacts on countries of origin

• Developing countries benefit from remittances (payments sent home by
migrants). These now often outstrip foreign aid.
• Unemployment is reduced and young migrants enhance their life
prospects
• Returning migrants bring savings, skills and international contacts.
 Benefits and Detriments for Sending
Countries

Negative Impacts on countries of origin

• Economic disadvantage through the loss of young workers
• Loss of highly trained people, especially health workers
• Social problems for children left behind or growing up without a wider
family circle
• Brain Drain
 Migrant Contribution to Destination
Country in Dollars and as percentage of
national GDP, 2015
Country Contribution Percentage of GDP
United States $2 trillion 11 percent
Germany $550 billion 17 percent
United Kingdom $390 billion 14 percent
Australia $330 billion 25 percent
Canada $320 billion 21 percent
 Human Trafficking

•Is a form of modern-day slavery where traffickers profit from

the control and exploitation of their victims
•Is a highly profitable global criminal enterprise, generating
billions of dollars in annual profits
•Operates according to the dynamics of supply and demand,
allowing for multiple entry points into combatting trafficking
Trafficking Victims
Under Federal Law

Minors (17 or younger)

involved in a commercial sex act

Adults (18 or older)

who are forced, defrauded, or coerced into
committing commercial sex acts

Anyone (regardless of age)

who is forced, defrauded, or coerced into various
forms of labor or services
 The Venues

• Online (social networks, Backpage, Craigslist)

• Fake massage or spa business (Commercial Front)
• Residential based commercial sex
• Truck stops
• Hotels/motels
• Escort Services
• Strip clubs
• On the street via pimp- or gang-based
• prostitution
Migration Push and Pull Factors
 Identify The Scenario
Divide the class into 4 groups and each group will have 1
scenario. Below each of the following sentences, write
either: internal migration, international migration, not
migration. Justify your answers.

1. The Khan family flees the war in Afghanistan. They move to live
in neighboring Pakistan.
2. Mr and Ms Martin move from Paris city center to live in semi-
rural Clisson.
3. When Slovakia joined the European Union in 2004, Filip Elijas
moved to the UK to get a better job.
4. Mr and Ms Jones always take their children to Devon for the
summer holidays.
 PUSH AND PULL ACTIVITY
Direction: Select either push or pull factor from the column on the left. Then, on
the right, choose the category for each push and pull factor from cultural,
demographic, economic, environmental, and political.
 QUESTIONS

1.How does migration affect your live as a

student? What motivates people to move
place to place and how does it affect them?
2.How does migration affect our country?
 ASSIGNMENT

Name: ________________________ Score: _________________

Course: ________________________Date: __________________
OFW INTERVIEW
To watch a documentary about life of an OFW:
Activity: Each student will be asked to interview a former or current OFW
(via online). In class they will share what they learned from these
interviews about transnationalism and the factors that affect global
migrations. Their interview should answer the following questions.
1. State the reason/s why the OFW decided to leave the
country
2. What are the problems encountered in the country
they went to?
3. What are benefits they obtained in the country they
went to?