SUSTAINABLE

TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT
DELEGIRO, DENUEVO, DILAG, GALLO, MAGUILLANO, PEDROSA, SOTTO
 OBJECTIVES
Understand the different stages in destination development

Understand sustainable tourism development and its benefits

Identify the different prerequisites of a sustainable tourism

development.

Analyze the roles played by various stakeholders in sustainable

tourism development.
STAGES OF DESTINATION
DEVELOPMENT
STAGE 1: DISCOVERY
• The stage of exploration
• A destination begins as a relatively
unknown place and visitors initially
come in small numbers restricted by
lack of access, facilities, and local
knowledge.
 STAGE 1:
DISCOVERY OF BORACAY DURING 1970s

Beach at station 1
STAGE 2: DEVELOPMENT
• The stage of growth
• As more people discover the
destination, the word spreads about
its attractions and the amenities are
increased and improved
STAGE 2: DEVELOPMENT BORACAY DURING 1980
s

a small nipa hut liquor bar The old beach path in

Boracay 1980s
 STAGE 3: STAGNATION
• The stage of maturity
• Tourist arrivals then begin to
grow rapidly toward some
theoretical carrying capacity
which involves social and
environmental limits.
• Often happens rapidly.
 STAGE 4:
DECLINE
• Possible trajectory of a destination
after the stage of stagnation
• The stage of saturation and alienation
• Increased congestion and
unsustainable development caused
the resources that originally drew
visitors to the destination to become
corrupted, or no longer exist.
• The destination has become saturated
• The appeal of the destination has
disappeared and the tourists now look
for unaltered destination
 STAGE 4:
REJUVENATION
• Possible trajectory of a
destination after the stage of
stagnation.
• Technological developments or
infrastructure improvements
leading to increased carrying
capacity can help rejuvenate a
destination.
RESOURCES FOR DEVELOPING
TOURISM

• Resources can be divided into 4

categories:
– Capital – Labor – Materials – Knowledge
• In tourism, materials include natural
and human-made assets.
WHY DO WE NEED SUSTAINABLE
PLANNING?
• Resources are scarce and finite.
• Society must choose among economic
activities including tourism that could have
higher returns to scale.
• Provided that tourism increases economic
diversion, then resources can be allocated in
developing it.
WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?

• Sustainable development is
progress that meets the needs
of the present without
compromising the ability of
the future to meet their own
needs (UN WCED, 1987).
In tourism, sustainability means…
Achieving quality growth in a manner
that does not deplete the natural and
built-in environment and preserves the
culture, history and heritage of local
community.
Achieving balance between number of
visitors and the capacity of the given
environment

Greatest interaction and enjoyment with

the least destruction.
Tourism Carrying Capacity
• The largest number of people a
destination can efficiently manage
within its given environment and
management capabilities

• The number of people that a given

destination can manage without
negative impacts on the
environment, in terms of culture or
economy.
Issues to be considered:

• Natural and man-made cultural and environmental

resources comprising tourism products are conserved
and renewed when necessary.

– For the benefit of succeeding generations.

– Tourists not only consume the tourism product, they
should be made aware of the need to protect it.
Issues to be considered:

• Tourism must be beneficial for the receiving

destination, region and country.
– For the receiving destination to be prepared to
accommodate tourists and hospitality be extended
when tourists overstayed.
Issues to be considered:
• Maintaining and renewing the tourism product is critical.

– To sustain steady tourist flow

– To ensure tourist satisfaction
– Sometimes, this means limiting tourists flows
Issues to be considered:

• Benefits and costs must be politically

acceptable for the governing entities at national,
regional and destination levels.
Prerequisites to Sustainable Tourism
Development
• High quality attractions
• Tourism infrastructure
• Community support and tolerance
• Government assistance at all levels
• Personal security and safety of tourists
• Code of ethics and behavior of tourists
High Quality Attractions
• Attractions draw visitors
• Offers experiences that visitors want
and need
• The goal of sustainable tourism
development is the preservation of the
attractions so that future generations can
enjoy them
Attributes of Attractions
• Natural or human made
• Fixed or mobile
• New or ancient
• Large or small
• Temporary or permanent
• Maybe designed for some type of human activity
• Unique
Key Players
• Private Sector – Owns and operates profit making
tourist attractions and facilities
• Government Sector – Owns and operates public
facilities and attractions – Establishes regulatory
guidelines
• NGOs
Tourism Infrastructure
• The sum total of basic facilities, equipment and installations needed for a
functioning tourism industry.

⚬Tourist Facilities
⚬Transportation System
⚬Utilities
⚬Health Facilities
⚬Cultural and recreational infrastructures
Tourism Infrastructures
• Infrastructures may be owned privately
• Maybe operated for profit or non profit
• Infrastructures serve tourists as well as local population
• Regardless of who builds and operates them,
infrastructures must be carefully planned and executed.
• Infrastructures must serve higher goals of the nation,
region and destination.
• Public opinions must be heard and political systems must
be employed in evaluating the merits of proposed tourism
projects.
 Mistakes are made when single purpose tourism infrastructures are narrowly
conceived and rushed. Feasibility and market studies are required to evaluate the
financial realism and the environmental, social and economic impacts of
tourism development.
 Has numerous and
diverse traits

Community Support A learned behavior

and Tolerance Creation of human mind

Culture: and practice

Spreads through communication

Not limited to human acts, customs

or material possessions

Embraces a large field of human

behavior and creativity
 Cultural harmony is an
important issue in sustainable
tourism development.

Community Support Cultural diffusion is the process of

spreading individual cultural traits
and Tolerance from their source to other areas.
Culture: Tourism is a means of
transmitting culture.

A safe and secure environment must

be established where law prevails
and local culture is protected.
COMMUNITY SUPPORT AND TOLERANCE
CULTURE
• Harmony between traditional
and foreign cultures must be
established through
demonstration and
communication

– Mutual respect can be gained

– Acceptance of tourism and
cultural changes can be
achieved
Government Assistance
• National level
– Initiates tourism development

• Regional level & Local level

– Strategy is broken down into
components
– Assigned to different agencies
for implementation
 Personal Security and Safety
of Tourists

• Personal security is a prime consideration

from
– War
– Terrorism
– Political instability
– Natural disasters
Personal Security and Safety of Tourists
• Well equipped medical facilities and competent medical staff are
required
– Emergency first aid kit – Exit strategy for tourists in cases of emergency
Personal Security and Safety of Tourists

• To ensure safety of tourists,

government services must
be immediately available.

• Local governments must be

prepared to respond to
multiple crises including
ordinary and unexpected.
CODE OF ETHICS AND BEHAVIOR FOR
TOURISTS
• Tourists should extend their
respect for local authority to
the local population and
culture.

• To promote cultural
understanding, tourists must
be aware of the local codes
of ethics, social mores and
behavioral conventions.
Benefits of Sustainable Tourism Development
• Developing new businesses
• Expanding job opportunities
• Increasing income
• Marketing new products
• Improving infrastructures
• Encouraging diversification
• Integrating local economy
• Promoting community pride
• Higher quality of life for local population