PRESENTATION ON MEPCO

GROUP MEMBERS:

 Abdul Hameed (2015-EE-706)

 Fahad Bin Javed (2015-EE-715)
 Muhammad Qadeer (2015-EE-721)
 Rao Nabeel (2015-EE-711)
CONTENTS:

 WAPDA
 PEPCO
 MEPCO
 Range of MEPCO
 Technical overview of MEPCO
 List of Grid Stations
 SINGLE LINE KEY DIAGRAM OF 132KV GRID STATION VEHARI ROAD
MULTAN
 SINGLE LINE KEY DIAGRAM OF 132KV GRID STATION QASIM PUR COLONY
Introduction to WAPDA

 Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA)

 It was established through an Act of Parliament in 1958.
 It is an Independent and approved by the administrative control of the Federal
Government.
 The Authority consists of a Chairman and three Members (Water, Power and
Finance).
 WAPDA is responsible for water and hydropower development.
PEPCO (Pakistan Electric Power Company)

  PEPCO is appointed with the responsibility of thermal power generation,

transmission, distribution and billing.
 PEPCO has been fully Authorize and is responsible for the management of all
 Nine Distribution Companies (DISCOs)
 Four Generation Companies (GENCOs)
 A National Transmission Dispatch Company (NTDC).
 PEPCO is the supply company of overall Pakistan.
MEPCO(Multan Electric Power Company )

 History
• Multan Electric Power Company Limited  (MEPCO) is a public limited company
included on May 14,1998 in line with Government policy of Pakistan power
sector.
• MEPCO is  the largest power distribution company in the country operating
exclusively in 13 administrative districts of southern Punjab
• Multan
• Muzaffargarh
• Layyah
• D.G.Khan
MEPCO(Multan Electric Power Company )

• Rajanpur
• Lodhran
• Bahawalpur
• R.Y.Khan
• Khanewal
• Sahiwal
• Pakpattan
• Vehari and Bahawalnagar. 
RANGE OF MEPCO

 MEPCO is the only distribution company which touches three provinces and
five distribution companies of Pakistan.
 HESCO (Haiderabad Electric Supply Company)
 PESCO (Peshawer Electric Supply Company)
 QESCO ( Quetta Electric Supply Company, Balochistan)
 FESCO( Faisalabad Electric Supply Company)
 LESCO (Lahore Electric Supply Company).
 IESCO (Islamabad Electric Supply Company)
 KESCO (Karachi Electric Supply Company)
In 2005 KESCO was privitise in to K-electric compny
 MEPCO also touches the border of India at Minchinabad Bahawalnager.
SERVICE OF MEPCO

 MEPCO controls area through its eight (8) operation circles namely
• Multan
• Sahiwal
• Bahawalpur
• Bahawalnager
• Muzaffargarh
• D.G.Khan
• Rahim Yar Khan
• Vehari.
  MEPCO is responsible to provide reliable and safe electric power supply to the
consumers.
Technical Overview
Grid System      

Grids  (Consumer Grid = 08  Company Grid =115)       127   Nos.

       
Power Transformers
    6769   MVA
Transmission Line (132 KV)     3351   KM

 
    1054   KM
Transmission Line (66 KV)

Distribution System      

No. of Distribution Transformers        153871   Nos.

No. of Feeders     1172   Nos.

H.T. Line   72156   KM

L.T. Line   47403   KM

Av. Length of line of feeder         61.6   KM

LIST OF GRID STATIONS WORKING UNDER
MEPCO:

Sr Name of Grid Station Voltage Sr Name of Grid Station Voltage

No No
1. Ahmad Pur East 132kv 10. Jamal Din wali 132kv
2. Ali Pur 66kv 11. Jala Pur Pirwala 66kv
3. Bahawalpur 132kv 12. Khan pur 132kv
4. Basti Malook 132kv 13. Khan bola 132kv
5. Baghdad- ul -Jadeed 132kv 14. Khanewal Road 132kv
6. Bosan Road 132kv 15. Kabirwala 132kv
7. Feroza 132kv 16. Liaqat Pur 132kv
8. Head Rajkan 66kv 17. Lodhran 132kv
9. Industrial Estate 132kv 18. Lar 132kv
LIST OF GRID STATIONS WORKING UNDER
MEPCO:

Sr Name of Grid Station Capacity Sr Name of Grid Capacity

No No Station

19. Lal Sohanra 66kv 29. R.Y.Khan- II 132kv

20. M.W.Qureshian 132kv 30. Sadiqabad 132kv
21. MESCO Multan 132kv 31. Shujabad 132kv
22. Marrot 66kv 32. Samma Satta 132kv
23. Makhdoom Rashid 132kv 33. Uch Shrif 132kv
24. Nawaz Abad 132kv 34. Uch Shrif 66kv
25. Qasim Pur 132kv 35. Vehari Road 132kv
26. Qasim Bagh 132kv 36. Wapda Town 132kv
27. R.Y.Khan- I 132kv 37. Yazman 66kv
Power Distribution one line key diagram
Sub-station

 Substation is an intermediate switching, transforming or converting station

between the generating station and the low tension distribution network situated
generally the consumer’s load center.
 The sub-station receives power from the generating station by a single or more
feeders at a high voltage, transform the same to the different distribution voltages
and sends to different consumers through distribution network.
Functions of a Substation:

 Supply of required electrical power.

 - Maximum possible coverage of the supply network.
 - Maximum security of supply.
 - Shortest possible fault-duration.
 - Optimum efficiency of plants and the network.
 - Supply of electrical power within targeted frequency limits, (49.5 Hz and50.5
Hz).
 - Supply of electrical power within specified voltage limits.
 - Supply of electrical energy to the consumers at the lowest cost.
Single line key diagram 132KV sub station
Equipment's Used in Sub-Stations

 Power transformer
Capacitor banks
 Instrument transformer
Battery room
 Auxiliary transformer
Battery charger/ Rectifier
 Circuit breakers
Bus Bars
 Isolators
Relays / Relay pannel
 Feeders
Insulators
 Wave trap
Earth switch
 Lightening / Surger Arrestor
High transmission lines
 Incoming panel
Outgoing panel
Protection of Sub-Station

LIGHTNING ARRESTORS
 A lightning arrestor is a device used in power systems and
telecommunications systems to protect the insulation and
conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning.
 The typical lightning arrester has a high-voltage terminal and a
ground terminal. When a lightning surge (or switching surge,
which is very similar) travels along the power line to the
arrester, the current from the surge is diverted through the
arrestor, in most cases to earth.
Switch Yard in Sub-station:

Switchyard is defined as:

 ‘A place where we can import and export electricity’
Switchyard of 132kv
 This switchyard has single transmission scheme.
 This scheme is not efficient in case of trouble or in case of
any fault.
Switchyard of 220kv:
 This switchyard has one and half scheme of transmission.
 This scheme is more reliable then single scheme because we
have stand by path to continue our transmission without any
difficulty.
Sub-station equipment's

Isolators
 It is disconnect switch and off load operating device.
 Isolators are manually operated or
motorised.
 It is also used to isolate the circuit
breaker from the system.
 Operating voltage: 245kv-139kv
 Rated Current: 1600amp-3000amp
Sub-station equipment's

Transformer:
 Transformer is a static machine, which transforms the potential of alternating
current at same frequency. It means the transformer transforms the low voltage
into high voltage & high voltage to low voltage at same frequency. It works on the
principle of static induction principle.
 When the energy is transformed into a higher voltage, the transformer is called
step up transformer but in case of other is known as step down transformer.
Types of Transformers

Instrument Transformers
 These transformers are used for the measurement purposes at that points where
standard voltmeters and ammeters cannot be used. They are of two types:
(i) Current transformer (connected in series)
(ii) Voltage transformer (connected in parallel)
Types of Transformers

CT (Current Transformers)
• The main purpose of current transformer is to
step down the current to a level that the
indicating and monitoring instrument can read.
• The ammeter is connected to the secondary
winding. The CT step down the current to the
level of the ammeter.
• At 220kv:2400/1200/600/1-1-1amp
Types of Transformers

PT (potential transformers)
 The main purposes of potential transformer
is to step down the voltage to a level that the
indicating and monitoring instrument can read.
 The secondary winding is connected with the
voltmeter and the PT step down the voltage to
the level of the voltmeter.
Rated voltage: 220kv/110v
Types of Transformers

Power Transformer
• A transformer is an electrical device that
transfers electrical energy between two or more
circuits through electromagnetic
induction.
• Transformers are used to increase or decrease
the alternating voltages in
electric power applications.
Types of Transformers

Auxiliary Transformers
• These transformers are connected to the Generator
 Transformer bus.
• These transformers steps down the voltage from
230kV or 400kV to 6.6kV (230/6.6kV or 400kV/6.6kV).
• Supply the power to the electrical auxiliaries present in
the plant (motors, drives, lighting and other plant loads).
Types of transformer

Auto Transformers
 An autotransformer is an electrical transformer with only one
winding. The "auto" prefix refers to the single coil acting on itself and
not to any kind of automatic mechanism. In an autotransformer,
portions of the same winding act as both the primary and secondary
sides of the transformer. The winding has at least three taps where
electrical connections are made.
 Autotransformers have the advantages of often being smaller, lighter
and cheaper than typical dual-winding transformers, but the
disadvantage of not providing electrical isolation.
Circuit breaker

 A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit
from damage caused by excess current and overload or short circuit.
 Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow.
 Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either
manually or automatically) to resume normal operation.
 Circuit breaker interrupts the fault current and does not allow it to flow in the circuit by disconnecting
its contacts from the circuit. It’s help to reduce fault current and also improves the system stability.
 It’s is used in conjunction relay, which sense the fault quantity and gives Tripping signal to the circuit
breaker.
 Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household
appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city.
Types of circuit breaker

 Sulfur hexafluoride (Sf6) high-voltage circuit breakers

 Air circuit breaker
 Oil circuit breaker
 Low-voltage circuit breakers
 Magnetic circuit breakers
 Thermal magnetic circuit breakers
 Common trip breakers
 Vacuum circuit breakers
Types of Circuit Breaker

SF6 breakers:
• A circuit breaker in which the current carrying
contacts operate in sulphur
hexafluoride or SF6
gas is known as an SF6 circuit breaker. The breaker shown in
the figure is high voltage breaker
ISSUES:
 When an arc is formed in SF6 gas small quantities of toxic
lower order gases are formed. Some of these byproducts are
toxic and can cause irritation to eyes and respiratory systems.
BUSBAR:

 An electrical bus bar is defined as a conductor or a group of

conductor used for collecting electrical energy from the incoming
feeders or transmission lines and distributes them to the outgoing
feeders
 Bus bar is used as the common electrical component. Bus bars are
made up of copper rods operate at constant voltage.
TYPES:
 • Single bus bar system
 • Duplicate bus bar system
Feeders

 Feeder is network of conductors which feeds power in different localities from

sub-station usually at 11KV it makes power reach near the consumers where
11KV is stepped down to 220/440V for users.
 A feeder circuit breaker in a substation is designed to operate an outgoing feeder
circuit under fault conditions as well as normal operating conditions like ON/OFF
switching for maintenance.
 Vacuum is used as an arc quenching media.
Switchgear and Protection

 We are all familiar with low voltage switches and re-

wirable fuses in our home. The switch is used to manually
open and close the electrical circuit in our home and 
electrical fuse is used to protect our household electrical
circuit from over current and short circuit faults.
 In same way every electrical circuit including high voltage
electrical power system needs switching and protective
devices. But in high voltage and extra high voltage system,
this switching and protective scheme becomes complicated
one for high fault current interruption in safe and secure
way.
11 KV INCOMING PANEL

• 20/26MVA power transformer ,vacuumed circuit breaker,

2500A, 25KA, BIL 95KV, One minute power frequency
withstand voltage 36KV, C.T. Ratio 1600:800/5/5A for
metering and protection purpose having class 0.5
• C.T. Ratio 1600:800/5A. P.T. 11000/110V AC, current and
earth fault relay, Back up earth fault relay , DC supervision
relay along with DC healthy lamp, 3 phase 4 wire energy
meter , ampere meter, power factor meter, volt meter , On
Off push button and indication lamps, Trip coil 110 V DC,
Closing coil 110 V DC, Anti pumping feature, Spring charge
in motor 220 V AC, insulators and 99.9% pure tine coated
copper bus bar arrangement covered
11 KV OUTGOING PANEL

 Vacuum circuit breaker, 630A, 25KA, BIL 95KV, One minute

power frequency withstand voltage 36KV, C.T. Ratio
400:200/5/5A,
 current and earth fault relay , Back up earth fault relay , DC
supervision relay along with DC healthy lamp, 3 phase 4 wire
energy meter ,ampere meter, power factor meter, volt meter
with selector switch, On Off push button and indication
lamps, DP and TP control MCB for AC & DC auxiliary
voltage controls, Trip coil 110 V DC, Closing coil 110 V DC,
Anti pumping feature, Spring charge in motor 220 V AC,
insulators and 99.9% pure tine coated copper bus bar
Wave trap
 The Wave Trapes extract the high frequency information from the power lines and route it to the
telecommunication panels. They also block any surges from passing through.
High transmission line
High-voltage transmission lines are used to transmit electric power over relatively long distances,
usually from a central generating station to main substation
There are two types of transmission lines:

High tensile transmission lines:

 In these lines up to 11KV volts are passing they are placed in horizontal position.
Low tensile transmission lines:
 In these lines 440V are passing they are placed in vertical position they may be 4 or 5 in number.
The 3 main transmission lines of each phase the rest are neutral lines.
INSULATORS

 An electrical insulator is a material whose internal electric charges do not flow

freely, and therefore make it very hard to conduct an electric current under the
influence of an electric field.
The insulator serves two purposes.
 They support the conductors (bus bar)
 Restrict the current to the conductors. The most common used material for the
manufacture of insulator is porcelain.
Types of Insulators

Pin type insulator

 Voltages line up to 33 kV.
Suspension insulator
 For voltages line greater than 33 kV
Strain insulator
 For low voltage line (less than 11 kV
Shackle insulator
 For low voltage
RELAY

 When a failure occurs on any part of the system, it must be quickly

detected and disconnected from the system.
 Rapid disconnection of faulted apparatus limits the amount of
damage to it and prevents the effects of fault from spreading into
the system.
 For high voltage circuits relays are employed to serve the desired
function of automatic protective gear.

Relay works on two main operating

principles:-
 Electromagnetic Attraction
 Electromagnetic Induction
RELAYs USED IN relay PANEL in SUBSTATION

Differential Relay
 It operates on the difference of phase and magnitude of current.
Since entering and leaving current vector sum should be zero. If it
is not zero means there is fault current present.
 It is used for the protection of transformers.

Over Current Relay

 A relay that operates or picks up when its current exceeds a
predetermined value (setting value) is called Overcurrent relay.
Overcurrent relay protection protects electrical power systems
against excessive currents which are caused by short circuits,
ground faults, etc.
RELAYs USED IN relay PANEL in SUBSTATION

 A mercury-wetted reed relay is a form of reed relay in

which the contacts are wetted with mercury.
 Such relays are used to switch low-voltage signals (one volt
or less) where the mercury reduces the contact resistance and
associated voltage drop, for low-current signals where surface
contamination may make for a poor contact, or for high-speed
applications where the mercury eliminates contact bounce.
 Mercury wetted relays are position-sensitive and must be
mounted vertically to work properly. Because of the toxicity
and expense of liquid mercury, these relays are now rarely
used.
RELAYs USED IN relay PANEL in SUBSTATION

 Latching relay
 A latching relay (also called "impulse", "keep", or "stay"
relays) maintains either contact position indefinitely without
power applied to the coil. The advantage is that one coil consumes
power only for an instant while the relay is being switched, and
the relay contacts retain this setting across a power outage.
 A latching relay allows remote control of building lighting
without the hum that may be produced from a continuously (AC)
energized coil.
 In one mechanism, two opposing coils with an over-center spring
or permanent magnet hold the contacts in position after the coil is
de-energized.
RELAYs USED IN relay PANEL in SUBSTATION

 Reed relay:
 A reed relay (sometimes also known as Herkon relay is a type
of relay that uses an electromagnet to control one or more 
reed switches.
 The contacts are of magnetic material and the electromagnet acts
directly on them without requiring an armature to move them.
Sealed in a long, narrow glass tube, the contacts are protected
from corrosion, and are usually plated with silver, which has very
low resistivity but is prone to corrosion when exposed, rather
than corrosion-resistant but more resistive gold as used in the
exposed contacts of high quality relays.