Ch:01

Mechanical Properties of Metals

 1.1 Mechanical properties of materials

 1.1.1 Hardness
 1.1.2 Toughness
 1.1.3 Ductility
 1.1.4 Malleability
 1.1.5 Elasticity
 1.1.6 Brittleness
 1.1.7 Plasticity
Material:
That raw material from which anything composed or maybe constructed that from which industrial
products may be maden is called material

There are two types of material:

1. Metal
2. Non-Metal

Metal:
• Ferrous (Cast Iron ,Wrought Iron , Carbon Steel)
• Non-Ferrous ( Aluminum, Copper , Zinc , Nicole, Tin )

Non Metal:
Wood , Coal , Oil , Plastic , Rubber , Class, Leather , Textile.
1.1.1 Hardness:
Hardness can be tought of as the resistance of a metal to scratching ,
denting , drilling, filling , penetration or other deformation.
The ability of one material to resist abrasion , machining ,
scratching , wear and penetratc another material without fracture
of either is known as hardness.

1.1.2 Toughness:
The capacity of a material to absorb energy is called toughness. Impact
test is performed for checking this property of material. Toughness
decreases when material is heated.
1.1.3 Ductility:
The ability of material drawn into a wire shape without fracture under the tensile load is
called ductility.
• In tensile test it is expressed in ways:
1. Percentage Elongation
2. Percentage reduction in area
3. By heat of cupping test.
4. By radius angle of bend test

1.1.4 Malleability:
The ability of a material to deformed to a sheet without fracture under the compressive load
is called malleability just like lead material.
1.1.5 Elasticity:
Some materials are deformed under the effect of external loading. The property of such
material of returning back to their original dimensions on removal of external force is called
elasticity.

1.1.6 Brittleness:
Brittle materials fail without any warning through deformation elongation or change of shape.
It may be said that brittle material legs plasticity and toughness. A piece of Chalk and cost iron
are very brittle.

1.1.7 Plasticity:
The ability of a material to deformed under the effect of external load and change it shape and size after
removal of force such material cannot Returns to it to their original shape and dimension. The
deformation produced permanently is called plasticity.