HYDROLOG

Dr. Pitta. Sundara Kumar, B.E, M.Tech, Ph.D. 

                     MISTE,  MISH.

Professor & Convener -IQAC

Bapatla Engineering College
Bapatla.
 The earth water
circulatory system is
known as Hydrologic
cycle
Hydrological cycle is the process of transfer of
moisture from the atmosphere to the earth in
the form of precipitation, conveyance of
precipitated water by streams and rivers to
ocean and lakes etc., and evaporation of water
back to the atmosphere.
Following are the various processes involved
in the hydrological cycle

Evaporation Transpiration Condensation

Precipitation Runoff
1. Evaporation : The water from the surfaces of the ocean,
rivers, lakes and also from the moist soil evaporate.
The vapors are carried over the land by air in the form of
clouds 

2. Transpiration: is the process of water being lost from the

leaves of the plants from their pores.

The total evaporation (E) inclusive of transpiration consist of

I. Surface evaporation
II.Water surface evaporation; (a) from river surface (b) from Ocean surface
III.Evaporation from the plants and leaves
IV.Atmospheric evaporation
 4. Runoff (R): is a portion of precipitation that is not
evaporated.
3. Precipitation (P) : The
fallow moisture from the
atmosphere to the earth Surface Runoff: Water flows over the land and first to reach the
streams and rivers , which ultimately discharge of water into
surface in any form. the sea.
Precipitation may be two forms:
i. Liquid Precipitation – Inter-flow or sub-surface runoff: A portion of precipitation
Rainfall infiltrates into surface soil and depending upon the geology of
ii. Frozen Precipitation the basins runs as sub-surface runoff and reaches the streams
and rivers
(a). Snow (b) Hail (c) sleet (d)
Freezing rain Ground water flow or base flow: It is that portion of
precipitation which after infiltration, percolates down and joins
the ground water reservoir which is ultimately connected to
the sea